mongodb导出导入-创新互联

数据库都分为冷备份与热备份，所谓的冷备份就是停库，然后把数据拷贝；热备份就是使用相应工具，在数据库运行时做备份。每种库都会有自己的热备份工具，mongodb也不例外。

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mongodb的备份主要有热备和冷备。

一，冷备：

停止mongodb服务，直接copy数据目录；启动mongodb时，可以用--dbpath指定自己设置的数据库存储目录。

二，热备：

用mongodump来做MongoDB的库或表级别的热备份。

认识一下mongodump，

[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ bin/mongodump --help Usage: mongodump Export the content of a running server into .bson files. Specify a database with -d and a collection with -c to only dump that database or collection. See http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/program/mongodump/ for more information. general options: --help print usage --version print the tool version and exit verbosity options: -v, --verbose= more detailed log output (include multiple times for more verbosity, e.g. -vvvvv, or specify a numeric value, e.g. --verbose=N) --quiet hide all log output connection options: -h, --host= mongodb host to connect to (setname/host1,host2 for replica sets) --port= server port (can also use --host hostname:port) authentication options: -u, --username= username for authentication -p, --password= password for authentication --authenticationDatabase= database that holds the user's credentials --authenticationMechanism= authentication mechanism to use namespace options: -d, --db= database to use -c, --collection= collection to use query options: -q, --query= query filter, as a JSON string, e.g., '{x:{$gt:1}}' --queryFile= path to a file containing a query filter (JSON) --readPreference=| specify either a preference name or a preference json object --forceTableScan force a table scan output options: -o, --out= output directory, or '-' for stdout (defaults to 'dump') --gzip compress archive our collection output with Gzip --repair try to recover documents from damaged data files (not supported by all storage engines) --oplog use oplog for taking a point-in-time snapshot --archive= dump as an archive to the specified path. If flag is specified without a value, archive is written to stdout --dumpDbUsersAndRoles dump user and role definitions for the specified database --excludeCollection= collection to exclude from the dump (may be specified multiple times to exclude additional collections) --excludeCollectionsWithPrefix= exclude all collections from the dump that have the given prefix (may be specified multiple times to exclude additional prefixes) -j, --numParallelCollections= number of collections to dump in parallel (4 by default)

看下导出过程

[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ bin/mongodump -h 172.16.25.220 -d sykdb -o /usr/local/mongodb/backup 2016-10-31T09:41:03.521+0800 writing sykdb.system.indexes to 2016-10-31T09:41:03.522+0800 done dumping sykdb.system.indexes (2 documents) 2016-10-31T09:41:03.523+0800 writing sykdb.system.profile to 2016-10-31T09:41:03.523+0800 writing sykdb.sykdb to 2016-10-31T09:41:03.523+0800 writing sykdb.table_syk to 2016-10-31T09:41:03.524+0800 done dumping sykdb.system.profile (2 documents) 2016-10-31T09:41:03.524+0800 done dumping sykdb.sykdb (2 documents) 2016-10-31T09:41:03.524+0800 done dumping sykdb.table_syk (1 document)

导出后的文件如下：

[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ cd backup/ [mongo@tstdb-25-220 backup]$ ll 总用量 4 drwxr-xr-x. 2 mongo dbmon 4096 10月 31 09:41 sykdb [mongo@tstdb-25-220 backup]$ cd sykdb/ [mongo@tstdb-25-220 sykdb]$ ll 总用量 28 -rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon 75 10月 31 09:41 sykdb.bson -rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon 83 10月 31 09:41 sykdb.metadata.json -rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon 136 10月 31 09:41 system.indexes.bson -rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon 1529 10月 31 09:41 system.profile.bson -rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon 55 10月 31 09:41 system.profile.metadata.json -rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon 36 10月 31 09:41 table_syk.bson -rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon 87 10月 31 09:41 table_syk.metadata.json

下面看一下导入（导出与导入可以看做是备份与恢复，所有的备份都是为了恢复而做）

[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ bin/mongorestore --help Usage: mongorestore Restore backups generated with mongodump to a running server. Specify a database with -d to restore a single database from the target directory, or use -d and -c to restore a single collection from a single .bson file. See http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/program/mongorestore/ for more information. general options: --help print usage --version print the tool version and exit verbosity options: -v, --verbose= more detailed log output (include multiple times for more verbosity, e.g. -vvvvv, or specify a numeric value, e.g. --verbose=N) --quiet hide all log output connection options: -h, --host= mongodb host to connect to (setname/host1,host2 for replica sets) --port= server port (can also use --host hostname:port) authentication options: -u, --username= username for authentication -p, --password= password for authentication --authenticationDatabase= database that holds the user's credentials --authenticationMechanism= authentication mechanism to use namespace options: -d, --db= database to use -c, --collection= collection to use input options: --objcheck validate all objects before inserting --oplogReplay replay oplog for point-in-time restore --oplogLimit=[:ordinal] only include oplog entries before the provided Timestamp --archive= restore dump from the specified archive file. If flag is specified without a value, archive is read from stdin --restoreDbUsersAndRoles restore user and role definitions for the given database --dir= input directory, use '-' for stdin --gzip decompress gzipped input restore options: --drop drop each collection before import --writeConcern= write concern options e.g. --writeConcern majority, --writeConcern '{w: 3, wtimeout: 500, fsync: true, j: true}' (defaults to 'majority') --noIndexRestore don't restore indexes --noOptionsRestore don't restore collection options --keepIndexVersion don't update index version --maintainInsertionOrder preserve order of documents during restoration -j, --numParallelCollections= number of collections to restore in parallel (4 by default) --numInsertionWorkersPerCollection= number of insert operations to run concurrently per collection (1 by default) --stopOnError stop restoring if an error is encountered on insert (off by default) --bypassDocumentValidation bypass document validation

--oplogReplay这个参数，大家注意一下，mongodb的导出导入可以做的基本时间点的恢复

我们再insert一行，然后测试一下：

moe:PRIMARY> db.sykdb.insert ({"job":"dba"})

然后导入：

[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ bin/mongorestore -h 172.16.25.220 -d sykdb backup/sykdb 2016-10-31T10:28:21.049+0800 building a list of collections to restore from backup/sykdb dir 2016-10-31T10:28:21.051+0800 reading metadata for sykdb.sykdb from backup/sykdb/sykdb.metadata.json 2016-10-31T10:28:21.051+0800 reading metadata for sykdb.table_syk from backup/sykdb/table_syk.metadata.json 2016-10-31T10:28:21.051+0800 reading metadata for sykdb.system.profile from backup/sykdb/system.profile.metadata.json 2016-10-31T10:28:21.051+0800 restoring sykdb.sykdb from backup/sykdb/sykdb.bson 2016-10-31T10:28:21.051+0800 no indexes to restore 2016-10-31T10:28:21.052+0800 finished restoring sykdb.system.profile (0 documents) 2016-10-31T10:28:21.052+0800 restoring sykdb.table_syk from backup/sykdb/table_syk.bson 2016-10-31T10:28:21.086+0800 restoring indexes for collection sykdb.sykdb from metadata 2016-10-31T10:28:21.086+0800 restoring indexes for collection sykdb.table_syk from metadata 2016-10-31T10:28:21.086+0800 finished restoring sykdb.sykdb (2 documents) 2016-10-31T10:28:21.086+0800 finished restoring sykdb.table_syk (1 document) 2016-10-31T10:28:21.087+0800 done

查询一下，看数据是否回来了

moe:PRIMARY> db.sykdb.find().limit(100); { "_id" : ObjectId("5816ac26d37a70860b091c1f"), "job" : "dba" } { "_id" : ObjectId("5813041a56c55d778812e689"), "name" : "syk" } { "_id" : ObjectId("5813065356c55d778812e68a"), "loc" : "beijing" }

介绍一对命令：mongoexport/mongoimport

[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ bin/mongoexport -h 172.16.25.220 -d sykdb -c table_syk -o table_syk.dat 2016-10-31T11:43:40.893+0800 connected to: 172.16.25.220 2016-10-31T11:43:40.894+0800 exported 1 record

查看导出来的文件：

[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ strings table_syk.dat {"_id":{"$oid":"581313a856c55d778812e68b"},"name":"syk"} [mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ file table_syk.dat table_syk.dat: ASCII text

看来这个工具相当于其他数据库中的逻辑导出

把表清空

moe:PRIMARY> db.table_syk.drop()

导入

[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ bin/mongoimport -h 172.16.25.220 -d sykdb -c table_syk table_syk.dat 2016-10-31T11:45:22.499+0800 connected to: 172.16.25.220 2016-10-31T11:45:22.540+0800 imported 1 document

数据回来了。

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mongodb导出导入-创新互联

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