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官方文档对于dex中的class数据结构表示如下:
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public DexBackedClassDef(@Nonnull DexBackedDexFile dexFile, int classDefOffset) { this.dexFile = dexFile; //classDefOffset 是这个类结构体在dex文件中的偏移地址。 this.classDefOffset = classDefOffset; //获取类的数据部分的偏移 int classDataOffset = dexFile.readSmallUint(classDefOffset + ClassDefItem.CLASS_DATA_OFFSET); if (classDataOffset == 0) { staticFieldsOffset = -1; staticFieldCount = 0; instanceFieldCount = 0; directMethodCount = 0; virtualMethodCount = 0; } else { //如果不等于0,则要读取各种变量,方法的个数 保存到这个类的私有成员变量中,等到实际解析的时候 //再来使用 DexReader reader = dexFile.readerAt(classDataOffset); staticFieldCount = reader.readSmallUleb128(); instanceFieldCount = reader.readSmallUleb128(); directMethodCount = reader.readSmallUleb128(); virtualMethodCount = reader.readSmallUleb128(); staticFieldsOffset = reader.getOffset(); } }
这里再列出来 dex文件关于 class类数据的格式说明,以方便读者对代码的理解
ok 我们再回到
List extends ClassDef> classDefs = Ordering.natural().sortedCopy(dexFile.getClasses());
这条语句,通过对里面机制的了解,已经知道,其实这条语句完成以后,
List extends ClassDef> classDefs 这个变量已经保存了 dex文件中关于类的各种信息。
故事2
return disassembleClass(classDef, fileNameHandler, options); private static boolean disassembleClass(ClassDef classDef, ClassFileNameHandler fileNameHandler, baksmaliOptions options) { //获取类名 String classDescriptor = classDef.getType(); //validate that the descriptor is formatted like we expect if (classDescriptor.charAt(0) != 'L' || classDescriptor.charAt(classDescriptor.length()-1) != ';') { System.err.println("Unrecognized class descriptor - " + classDescriptor + " - skipping class"); return false; } //生成相应要输入smali文件的位置信息 File smaliFile = fileNameHandler.getUniqueFilenameForClass(classDescriptor); //create and initialize the top level string template ClassDefinition classDefinition = new ClassDefinition(options, classDef); // 重点1 //write the disassembly Writer writer = null; try { File smaliParent = smaliFile.getParentFile(); if (!smaliParent.exists()) { if (!smaliParent.mkdirs()) { // check again, it's likely it was created in a different thread if (!smaliParent.exists()) { System.err.println("Unable to create directory " + smaliParent.toString() + " - skipping class"); return false; } } } if (!smaliFile.exists()){ if (!smaliFile.createNewFile()) { System.err.println("Unable to create file " + smaliFile.toString() + " - skipping class"); return false; } } BufferedWriter bufWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter( new FileOutputStream(smaliFile), "UTF8")); writer = new IndentingWriter(bufWriter); classDefinition.writeTo((IndentingWriter)writer); //重点2 } catch (Exception ex) { System.err.println("\n\nError occurred while disassembling class " + classDescriptor.replace('/', '.') + " - skipping class"); ex.printStackTrace(); // noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored smaliFile.delete(); return false; } finally { if (writer != null) { try { writer.close(); } catch (Throwable ex) { System.err.println("\n\nError occurred while closing file " + smaliFile.toString()); ex.printStackTrace(); } } } return true; }
这个函数有两个重点
ClassDefinition classDefinition = new ClassDefinition(options, classDef); // 重点1
classDefinition.writeTo((IndentingWriter)writer); //重点2
其实这两个重点调用完成以后,整个smali文件就已经生成了,所以我们就顺着前面的脚步跟进去,看看这两个重点到底做了什么事情
1 构造函数将 classdef 传入到 ClassDefinition 这个类中
public ClassDefinition(@Nonnull baksmaliOptions options, @Nonnull ClassDef classDef) { this.options = options; this.classDef = classDef; fieldsSetInStaticConstructor = findFieldsSetInStaticConstructor(); }
2 writeTo 将生成smali文件的各个元素给写入到 IndentingWriter writer 代表的smali文件中。
public void writeTo(IndentingWriter writer) throws IOException { writeClass(writer); writeSuper(writer); writeSourceFile(writer); writeInterfaces(writer); writeAnnotations(writer); SetstaticFields = writeStaticFields(writer); writeInstanceFields(writer, staticFields); Set directMethods = writeDirectMethods(writer); writeVirtualMethods(writer, directMethods); }
到这里baksmali 源码的分析,大体框架已经完成。
当然还有很多细节了,其实主要涉及在 public void writeTo(IndentingWriter writer) 这个函数里面
我们举一个比较复杂的例子 Set
基本上就搞清楚 里面做的事情了
private SetwriteDirectMethods(IndentingWriter writer) throws IOException { boolean wroteHeader = false; Set writtenMethods = new HashSet (); Iterable extends Method> directMethods; if (classDef instanceof DexBackedClassDef) { directMethods = ((DexBackedClassDef)classDef).getDirectMethods(false); //重点1 } else { directMethods = classDef.getDirectMethods(); } for (Method method: directMethods) { if (!wroteHeader) { writer.write("\n\n"); writer.write("# direct methods"); wroteHeader = true; } writer.write('\n'); ... MethodImplementation methodImpl = method.getImplementation(); if (methodImpl == null) { MethodDefinition.writeEmptyMethodTo(methodWriter, method, options); } else { MethodDefinition methodDefinition = new MethodDefinition(this, method, methodImpl); //重点2 methodDefinition.writeTo(methodWriter); //重点3 } } return writtenMethods; } 这个函数有三个重点 directMethods = ((DexBackedClassDef)classDef).getDirectMethods(false); //重点1 public Iterable extends DexBackedMethod> getDirectMethods(final boolean skipDuplicates) { if (directMethodCount > 0) { //首先得到这个类中的 direct 方法的在dex文件中的偏移地址 DexReader reader = dexFile.readerAt(getDirectMethodsOffset()); final AnnotationsDirectory annotationsDirectory = getAnnotationsDirectory(); final int methodsStartOffset = reader.getOffset(); //返回 new Iterable ()给上层的调用函数,并且继承实现了 //iterator() 这个函数 return new Iterable () { @Nonnull @Override public Iterator iterator() { final AnnotationsDirectory.AnnotationIterator methodAnnotationIterator = annotationsDirectory.getMethodAnnotationIterator(); final AnnotationsDirectory.AnnotationIterator parameterAnnotationIterator = annotationsDirectory.getParameterAnnotationIterator(); //返回了 new VariableSizeLookaheadIterator (dexFile, methodsStartOffset) //这个对象,里面继承实现了 readNextItem 这个方法,这个方法通过传入的 方法开始偏移,从 //dex文件中 返回 DexBackedMethod 这个对象给上层 return new VariableSizeLookaheadIterator (dexFile, methodsStartOffset) { private int count; @Nullable private MethodReference previousMethod; private int previousIndex; @Nullable @Override protected DexBackedMethod readNextItem(@Nonnull DexReader reader) { while (true) { if (++count > directMethodCount) { virtualMethodsOffset = reader.getOffset(); return null; } // 生成一个 method的对象 DexBackedMethod item = new DexBackedMethod(reader, DexBackedClassDef.this, previousIndex, methodAnnotationIterator, parameterAnnotationIterator); //重点1 MethodReference currentMethod = previousMethod; MethodReference nextMethod = ImmutableMethodReference.of(item); previousMethod = nextMethod; previousIndex = item.methodIndex; if (skipDuplicates && currentMethod != null && currentMethod.equals(nextMethod)) { continue; } return item; } } }; } }; } else { if (directMethodsOffset > 0) { virtualMethodsOffset = directMethodsOffset; } return ImmutableSet.of(); } }
关于重点1
public DexBackedMethod(@Nonnull DexReader reader, @Nonnull DexBackedClassDef classDef, int previousMethodIndex, @Nonnull AnnotationsDirectory.AnnotationIterator methodAnnotationIterator, @Nonnull AnnotationsDirectory.AnnotationIterator paramaterAnnotationIterator) { this.dexFile = reader.dexBuf; this.classDef = classDef; // large values may be used for the index delta, which cause the cumulative index to overflow upon // addition, effectively allowing out of order entries. int methodIndexDiff = reader.readLargeUleb128(); this.methodIndex = methodIndexDiff + previousMethodIndex; this.accessFlags = reader.readSmallUleb128(); this.codeOffset = reader.readSmallUleb128(); this.methodAnnotationSetOffset = methodAnnotationIterator.seekTo(methodIndex); this.parameterAnnotationSetListOffset = paramaterAnnotationIterator.seekTo(methodIndex); }
根据官方文档,encoded_method Format 这种格式的数据结构
其实这个构造函数就是将 数据结构中要求的索引从dex文件中找到,保存到自己的私有成员变量当中
重点2
MethodImplementation methodImpl = method.getImplementation(); public DexBackedMethodImplementation getImplementation() { if (codeOffset > 0) { return new DexBackedMethodImplementation(dexFile, this, codeOffset); } return null; }
重点3
MethodDefinition methodDefinition = new MethodDefinition(this, method, methodImpl); public MethodDefinition(@Nonnull ClassDefinition classDef, @Nonnull Method method, @Nonnull MethodImplementation methodImpl) { this.classDef = classDef; this.method = method; this.methodImpl = methodImpl; //这里传入的method其实是 DexBackedMethod try { //TODO: what about try/catch blocks inside the dead code? those will need to be commented out too. ugh. //methodImpl.getInstructions() 其实是调用的是 public Iterable extends Instruction> getInstructions() // 在 DexBackedMethodImplementation 这个类中实现的,主要是根据前面的偏移从dex文件中读取相应的指令数据 //放在指令列表中 instructions = ImmutableList.copyOf(methodImpl.getInstructions()); methodParameters = ImmutableList.copyOf(method.getParameters()); packedSwitchMap = new SparseIntArray(0); sparseSwitchMap = new SparseIntArray(0); instructionOffsetMap = new InstructionOffsetMap(instructions); for (int i=0; i重点4
methodDefinition.writeTo(methodWriter);
这个函数其实也是十分复杂的一个函数,但是总体的思路,其实也是根据前面传递过来的数据,主要是索引值和偏移地址,来
将method里面的数据写回到 smali文件中去
由于篇幅的关系,这里就不在那么细节的分析 method的writeTo了,在看 method的writeTo方法的时候,需要
仔细理解一下 parameterRegisterCount 这个局部变量的赋值情况。总体来说java代码中非静态方法会自动为该函数加入一个参数
其实这个参数就相当于 this指针的作用,由于dalvik虚拟机中的寄存器都是32位的,所以对于 J和D也就是 long和Double类型的
其实每个参数是用两个寄存器表示的。
从下面的代码也能看出来
for (MethodParameter parameter: methodParameters) { String type = parameter.getType(); writer.write(type); parameterRegisterCount++; if (TypeUtils.isWideType(type)) { parameterRegisterCount++; } }理解参数占用的寄存器数量是如何计算出来以后,就能很好的理解smali代码中关于p寄存器和v寄存器表示的规则了,并且为后续编写dex文件为函数添加寄存器的功能打下基础。
总之,baksmali对于写方法来说,基本上是最复杂的操作了,在理解了写入方法的操作以后,前面的操作的理解基本上应该不成问题。
到这里,基本上已经将baksmali的框架分析完成了。下一步 我们需要分析 smali框架了源代码了
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