vagrant+virtualBox构建虚拟机的方法

一、介绍

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Vagrant是一个构建和管理虚拟机(VirtualBox)的工具。

我的环境：Mac + Vagrant + VirtualBox

网盘下载地址：链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1LKacXPQcgh3MjgWiIZ0zhQ 密码: n998

二、安装
VirtualBox: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

Vagrant: http://downloads.vagrantup.co

三、在线创建虚拟机

1.在官网找到自己想要安装的操作系统：https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search

2.点进去，执行命令创建并启动虚拟机：https://app.vagrantup.com/centos/boxes/7注意：需要单独创建一个目录，在该目录下执行vagrant命令

，一个目录对应一个虚拟机。vagrant init会创建一个配置文件Vagrantfile

三、离线创建虚拟机

1.添加

vagrant box add centOs7 /Users/xianbin.yang/Documents/vagrant/centos-7.0-x86_64.box

➜ vagrant vagrant box add centOs7 /Users/xianbin.yang/Documents/vagrant/centos-7.0-x86_64.box==> box: Box file was not detected as metadata. Adding it directly...==> box: Adding box 'centOs7' (v0) for provider: box: Unpacking necessary files from: file:///Users/xianbin.yang/Documents/vagrant/centos-7.0-x86_64.box==> box: Successfully added box 'centOs7' (v0) for 'virtualbox'!

2.初始化

vagrant init centOs7

➜ vagrant vagrant init centOs7A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are nowready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please readthe comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.

3.启动

vagrant up

➜ vagrant vagrant upBringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...==> default: Importing base box 'centOs7'...==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...==> default: Setting the name of the VM: vagrant_default_1612583375721_1893==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration... default: Adapter 1: nat==> default: Forwarding ports... default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)==> default: Booting VM...==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes... default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222 default: SSH username: vagrant default: SSH auth method: private key default: default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security. default: default: Inserting generated public key within guest... default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present... default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...==> default: Machine booted and ready!==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM... default: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of default: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can default: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see default: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the default: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on default: your host and reload your VM. default: default: Guest Additions Version: 4.3.28 default: VirtualBox Version: 6.1==> default: Mounting shared folders... default: /vagrant => /Users/xianbin.yang/Documents/vagrant四、常用命令

五、Vagrantfile常用配置

1.配置固定ip、内存、cpu

# -*- mode: ruby -*-# vi: set ft=ruby : Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| config.vm.box = "centOs7" config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10" config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb| vb.cpus = 4 vb.memory = "8192" endend

注意：配置后需要vagrant reload

2.配置root用户和ssh免密

vagrant用户登录：vagrant ssh

设置root密码：sudo passwd root

配置ssh免密：ssh-copy-id root@192.168.33.10

ssh登录：ssh root@192.168.33.10

3.关闭防火墙
检查防火墙状态：systemctl status firewalld
关闭防火墙：systemctl stop firewalld

设置开机禁用防火墙：systemctl disable firewalld.service

参考链接：

https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/vagrant/getting-started-index?in=vagrant/getting-started

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