重庆分公司,新征程启航
为企业提供网站建设、域名注册、服务器等服务
下文内容主要给大家带来有关MySQL-MMM高可用群集部署详解,这里所讲到的知识,与书籍略有不同,都是创新互联专业技术人员在与用户接触过程中,总结出来的,具有一定的经验分享价值,希望给广大读者带来帮助。
创新互联长期为1000多家客户提供的网站建设服务,团队从业经验10年,关注不同地域、不同群体,并针对不同对象提供差异化的产品和服务;打造开放共赢平台,与合作伙伴共同营造健康的互联网生态环境。为乳源企业提供专业的成都网站设计、做网站,乳源网站改版等技术服务。拥有十余年丰富建站经验和众多成功案例,为您定制开发。
MMM(MySQL主主复制管理器)是一套支持双主故障切换和双主日常管理的脚本程序。主要用来监控和管理MySQL Master-Master(双主)复制,虽然叫双主复制,但是业务上同一时刻只允许对一个主进行写入,另一台备选主上提供部分读服务,以加速在主切换时备选主的预热,可以说MMM这套脚本程序一方面实现了故障切换的功能,另一方面其内部附加的工具脚本也可以实现多个Slave的read负载均衡。
MMM时一套灵活的脚本程序,基于perl实现,用来对mysql replication进行监控和故障迁移,并能管理MySQL Master-Master复制的配置,如图所示:
关于MMM高可用架构的说明如下:
实验环境:(mariadb数据库是mysql的一个分支,它们的命令、操作都一样)
本实验环境使用五台服务器模拟搭建,实验环境如表所示。
(1)安装mariadb
1)所有服务器都配置ALI云源,然后安装epel-release源。
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache
2)搭建本地YUM源。
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙//
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
3)修改mariadb-m1主配置文件。
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld] //添加//
log_error=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.err
log=/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log
log_slow_queries=/var/lib/mysql_slow_queris.log
binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema //不需要同步的数据库名称//
character_set_server=utf8
log_bin=mysql_bin //开启binlog日志用于主从数据复制//
server_id=1 //每台server-id的值不要相同//
log_slave_updates=true //此数据库宕机,备用数据库接管//
sync_binlog=1
auto_increment_increment=2 //字段一次递增多少//
auto_increment_offset=1 //自增字段的起始值//
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service //开启mariadb//
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpt | grep 3306
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3434/mysqld
4)没有问题后,把配置文件复制到其它3台数据库服务器上。
[root@localhost ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf root@192.168.126.139:/etc/ //m2//
[root@localhost ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf root@192.168.126.136:/etc/ //m3//
[root@localhost ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf root@192.168.126.137:/etc/ //m4//
注意:每台mariadb主机的server-id不能相同,其他配置文件参数相同即可。
(2)配置mariadb-m1、mariadb-m2主主模式
1)先查看log bin和pos值的位置。
m1:
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| mysql_bin.000001 | 245 | | mysql,information_schema |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
m2:
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| mysql_bin.000003 | 245 | | mysql,information_schema |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2)mariadb-m1、mariadb-m2互相提升访问权限。
m1:
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.126.%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.126.139',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000003',master_log_pos=411;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
m2:
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.126.%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.126.138',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=411;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
3)分别查看mariadb-m1、mariadb-m2服务器的主从状态。
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.126.139
Master_User: replication
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 411
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 529
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
主主同步配置完毕,查看同步状态Slave_IO和Slave_SQL为YES,说明主主同步成功。
4)测试主主同步,在mariadb-m2新建一个库dba。
m2:
MariaDB [(none)]> create database dba; //创建数据库//
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)
m1:
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| dba | //同步成功//
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.02 sec)
(3)配置mariadb-m3和mariadb-m4作为mariadb-m1的从库
1)先查看mariadb-m1 master的状态值。
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| mysql_bin.000001 | 581 | | mysql,information_schema |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2)mariadb-m3、mariadb-m4分别执行。
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.126.138',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=581;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
3)分别查看mariadb-m3和mariadb-m4服务器的主从状态,结果如下:
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.126.138
Master_User: replication
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 581
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 529
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
4)在mariadb-m1建立数据库,测试主从、主主、同步情况。
MariaDB [(none)]> create database dba01; //在m1创建数据库//
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; //mariadb-m3查看结果//
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| dba01 |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.03 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; //mariadb-m4查看结果//
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| dba01 |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.04 sec)
(1)在所有服务器上安装MMM,注意,epel源要配置好。
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-mmm*
(2)修改/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf 配置文件,系统中所有主机的该配置文件内容一样,包括监控主机mysql-monitor。
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/mysql-mmm/
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# vim mmm_common.conf
active_master_role writer
cluster_interface ens33 //网卡名称//
pid_path /run/mysql-mmm-agent.pid
bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/
replication_user replication
replication_password 123456 //登录密码
agent_user mmm_agent
agent_password 123456
//主服务器m1//
ip 192.168.126.138
mode master
peer db2
//主服务器m2//
ip 192.168.126.139
mode master
peer db1
//主服务器m3//
ip 192.168.126.136
mode slave
//主服务器m4//
ip 192.168.126.137
mode slave
hosts db1, db2 //m1 m2//
ips 192.168.126.188 //虚拟IP VIP//
mode exclusive
hosts db3, db4 //m3 m4//
ips 192.168.126.190, 192.168.126.199 //虚拟IP VIP//
mode balanced
(3)在监控主机上编辑/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_mon.conf文件。
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_mon.conf
include mmm_common.conf
ip 127.0.0.1
pid_path /run/mysql-mmm-monitor.pid
include mmm_common.conf
ip 127.0.0.1
pid_path /run/mysql-mmm-monitor.pid
bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm
status_path /var/lib/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.status
ping_ips 192.168.126.138,192.168.126.139,192.168.126.136,192.168.126.137/监控服务器的IP/
auto_set_online 10 //自动上线时间10秒//
# The kill_host_bin does not exist by default, though the monitor will
# throw a warning about it missing. See the section 5.10 "Kill Host
# Functionality" in the PDF documentation.
#
# kill_host_bin /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/monitor/kill_host
#
monitor_user mmm_monitor //用户名//
monitor_password 123456 //密码//
(4)在所有数据库上为mmm_agent和mmm_moniter授权。
MariaDB [(none)]> grant super, replication client, process on *.* to 'mmm_agent'@'192.168.126.%' identified by '123456';
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication client on *.* to 'mmm_monitor'@'192.168.126.%' identified by '123456';
(5)修改所有数据库的mmm_agent.conf。
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf
include mmm_common.conf
# The 'this' variable refers to this server. Proper operation requires
# that 'this' server (db1 by default), as well as all other servers, have the
# proper IP addresses set in mmm_common.conf.
this db1 //根据规划进行逐一调整//
(6)在所有数据库服务器上启动mysql-mmm-agent。
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-agent.service
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# systemctl enable mysql-mmm-agent.service //开机自启动//
(7)启动mysql-mmm-monitor监控主机。
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-monitor.service
(8)在监控服务器上查看各节点的情况。
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show
db1(192.168.126.138) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.126.188) //虚拟IP//
db2(192.168.126.139) master/ONLINE. Roles:
db3(192.168.126.136) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.126.190)
db4(192.168.126.137) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.126.199
(9)故障转移切换
1)停止m1 确认 虚拟地址 188 是否移动到 m2 上。注意:主不会抢占
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# systemctl stop mariadb.service //停止 m1主服务器//
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show
db1(192.168.126.138) master/HARD_OFFLINE. Roles: //离线状态//
db2(192.168.126.139) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.126.188)
db3(192.168.126.136) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.126.190)
db4(192.168.126.137) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.126.199)
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# systemctl stop mariadb.service //停止 m3从服务器//
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show
db1(192.168.126.138) master/HARD_OFFLINE. Roles:
db2(192.168.126.139) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.126.188)
db3(192.168.126.136) slave/HARD_OFFLINE. Roles:
db4(192.168.126.137) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.126.190), reader(192.168.126.199)
3)在m1服务器上为监控机地址授权登录。
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'testdba'@'192.168.126.140' identified by '123456';
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; //刷新//
4)在监控服务器上登录。
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mariadb-server mariadb -y
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -utestdba -p -h 192.168.126.188 //虚拟IP//
Enter password: //密码123456//
.....//省略//
MariaDB [(none)]>
5)在监控服务器上创建数据,测试同步情况。
MariaDB [(none)]> create database abc01; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; //主服务器M1// +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | abc01 | | dba01 | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.03 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; //从服务器M3// +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | abc01 | | dba01 | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.05 sec)
对于以上有关MySQL-MMM高可用群集部署详解,如果大家还有更多需要了解的可以持续关注我们创新互联的行业推新,如需获取专业解答,可在官网联系售前售后的,希望该文章可给大家带来一定的知识更新。