如何使用HTTP实现文本传输

如何使用HTTP实现文本传输，相信很多没有经验的人对此束手无策，为此本文总结了问题出现的原因和解决方法，通过这篇文章希望你能解决这个问题。

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HTTP协议即超文本传送协议(Hypertext Transfer Protocol )，是Web联网的基础，HTTP协议是建立在TCP协议之上的一种应用。由于HTTP在每次请求结束后都会主动释放连接，因此HTTP连接是一种短连接。HTTP遵循请求（Request）/应答（Response）模型。所以一定需要实现请求(Gk8HttpRequest)。同时需要实现返回(Gk8HttpResponse)。在游戏研发编程中HTTP请求类型常用的就是GET和POST。框架设计中就需要实现完成HTTP请求和返回的Gk8HttpClient类。HTTP不管是文本传输还是二进制传输Gk8HttpClient类都能兼容完成响应的功能。HTTP文本传输方便简洁。实现轻量级通信的最佳方式。

libCurl作为是一个多协议的便于客户端使用的URL传输库，基于C语言，提供C语言的API接口。底层通信都是使用libCurl库来完成。具体可找相关资料和参阅相关代码。C语言封装开发的优势就是支持跨平台。Windows平台，安卓平台，IOS平台。跨平台迁移代码无需再次开发。一劳永逸的解决通信问题。为了方便开发时HTTP并发和回调。又实现了Gk8HttpServlet类(httpnet目录中)。高度封装的代码目的就是易于理解便于使用。

C++实现网络HTTP请求类：Gk8HttpRequest.h

#ifndef __GK8HTTPREQUEST_H__
#define __GK8HTTPREQUEST_H__
#pragma once
#include "Gk8BaseObj.h"
#include "Gk8ByteMaker.h"
#include "Gk8Str.h"
typedef GK8_VOID (Gk8BaseObj::*HTTPREQUEST_CALLBACK_FUN)(GK8_LPVOID pHttpResponse);
class Gk8HttpRequest
{
public:
    //[定义HTTP请求类型]
    typedef enum
    {
        kHttpGet,
        kHttpPost,
        kHttpUnkown,
    }HttpRequestType;
protected:
    HttpRequestType m_eRequestType;            //[HTTP请求类型]
    Gk8Str m_sHttpUrl;                        //[HTTP请求地址]
    Gk8ByteMaker m_iRequestData;            //[HTTP请求数据]
    Gk8BaseObj* m_pTarget;                    //[HTTP请求回调目标对象]
    HTTPREQUEST_CALLBACK_FUN m_pSelector;    //[HTTP请求回调函数]
public:
    Gk8HttpRequest()
    {
        m_eRequestType=kHttpUnkown;
        m_sHttpUrl.Empty();
        m_iRequestData.Destroy();
        m_pTarget=NULL;
        m_pSelector=NULL;
    };
    virtual ~Gk8HttpRequest()
    {
        ClearRequestData();
    };
    inline GK8_VOID ClearRequestData()
    {
        m_iRequestData.Destroy();
    }
    inline GK8_VOID SetRequestType(HttpRequestType eRequestType)
    {
        m_eRequestType=eRequestType;
    };
    inline HttpRequestType GetRequestType()
    {
        return m_eRequestType;
    };
    inline GK8_VOID SetHttpUrl(GK8_LPCSTR lpHttpUrl)
    {
        m_sHttpUrl=lpHttpUrl;
    };
    inline GK8_LPCSTR GetHttpUrl()
    {
        return m_sHttpUrl;
    };
    inline GK8_VOID SetRequestData(Gk8ByteMaker* pRequestData)
    {
        pRequestData->ShiftTo(m_iRequestData);
    };
    inline Gk8ByteMaker* GetRequestData()
    {
        return &m_iRequestData;
    }
    inline GK8_INT GetRequestDataSize()
    {
        return m_iRequestData.GetStreamSize();
    }
    inline GK8_VOID SetResponseCallBack(Gk8BaseObj* pTarget,HTTPREQUEST_CALLBACK_FUN pSelector)
    {
        m_pTarget=pTarget;
        m_pSelector=pSelector;
    }
    inline Gk8BaseObj* GetTarget()
    {
        return m_pTarget;
    }
    inline HTTPREQUEST_CALLBACK_FUN GetSelector()
    {
        return m_pSelector;
    }
};
#endif

C++实现网络HTTP返回类：Gk8HttpResponse.h

#ifndef __GK8HTTPRESPONSE_H__
#define __GK8HTTPRESPONSE_H__
#pragma once
#include "Gk8HttpRequest.h"
class Gk8HttpResponse
{
protected:
    Gk8HttpRequest* m_pHttpRequest;            //[HTTP请求类]
    GK8_BOOL m_bSucceed;                    //[HTTP请求反馈成功]
    Gk8ByteMaker m_iResponseData;            //[HTTP请求反馈数据]
    GK8_INT m_nResponseCode;                //[HTTP请求反馈码]
    Gk8Str m_sErrorBuffer;                    //[HTTP请求错误信息]
protected:
    GK8_BOOL InitWithRequest(Gk8HttpRequest* pHttpRequest);
public:
    Gk8HttpResponse(Gk8HttpRequest* pHttpRequest)
    {
        m_pHttpRequest=pHttpRequest;
        m_bSucceed=false;
        m_iResponseData.Destroy();
        m_sErrorBuffer.Empty();
    }
    virtual ~Gk8HttpResponse()
    {
        if(m_pHttpRequest) delete m_pHttpRequest;
        ClearResponseData();
    }
    inline GK8_VOID ClearResponseData()
    {
        m_iResponseData.Destroy();
    }
    inline Gk8HttpRequest* GetHttpRequest()
    {
        return m_pHttpRequest;
    }
    inline GK8_VOID SetSucceed(GK8_BOOL bSucceed)
    {
        m_bSucceed=bSucceed;
    };
    inline GK8_BOOL IsSucceed()
    {
        return m_bSucceed;
    };
    inline GK8_VOID SetResponseData(Gk8ByteMaker* pResponseData)
    {
        pResponseData->ShiftTo(m_iResponseData);
    }
    inline Gk8ByteMaker* GetResponseData()
    {
        return &m_iResponseData;
    }
    inline GK8_VOID SetResponseCode(GK8_INT nResponseCode)
    {
        m_nResponseCode=nResponseCode;
    }
    inline GK8_INT GetResponseCode()
    {
        return m_nResponseCode;
    }
    inline GK8_VOID SetErrorBuffer(GK8_LPCSTR lpErrorBuffer)
    {
        m_sErrorBuffer=lpErrorBuffer;
    };
    inline GK8_LPCSTR GetErrorBuffer()
    {
        return m_sErrorBuffer;
    }
};
#endif

C++实现HTTP通信类：Gk8HttpClient.h

#ifndef __GK8HTTPCLIENT_H__
#define __GK8HTTPCLIENT_H__
#pragma once
#include "Gk8HttpRequest.h"
#include "Gk8HttpResponse.h"
class Gk8HttpClient
{
private:
    GK8_INT m_nTimeOutForConnect;        //[连接超时时间]
    GK8_INT m_nTimeOutForRead;            //[读取超时时间]
private:
    Gk8HttpClient();
    virtual ~Gk8HttpClient();
    GK8_BOOL InitThreadSemphore();
public:
    inline GK8_VOID SetTimeoutForConnect(GK8_INT nTimeOutForConnect){m_nTimeOutForConnect=nTimeOutForConnect;};
    inline GK8_INT GetTimeoutForConnect(){return m_nTimeOutForConnect;}
    inline GK8_VOID SetTimeoutForRead(GK8_INT nTimeOutForRead){m_nTimeOutForRead=nTimeOutForRead;};
    inline GK8_INT GetTimeoutForRead(){return m_nTimeOutForRead;};
    GK8_VOID Send(Gk8HttpRequest* pHttpRequest);
    GK8_VOID HttpClientTick();
    static Gk8HttpClient* GetInstance();
};
#endif

C++实现HTTP通信类：Gk8HttpClient.cpp

#include "Gk8HttpClient.h"
#include "curl/curl.h"
#include "Gk8OperSys.h"
#include "Gk8SetMb.cpp"
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
static Gk8HttpClient* sg_pHttpClient=NULL;        //[静态HTTP客户端]
static GK8_BOOL sg_bHttpClientQuit=false;        //[退出HTTP]
static sem_t* sg_pSem=NULL;                        //[信号量的数据类型]
static GK8_INT sg_AsyncRequestCount=0;            //[同步请求数]
//[线程及互斥定义]
static pthread_t sg_NetWorkThread;                //[HTTP线程]
static pthread_mutex_t sg_RequestQueueMutex;    //[HTTP请求队列互斥体]
static pthread_mutex_t sg_ResponseQueueMutex;    //[HTTP响应队列互斥体]
static Gk8SetMb sg_iRequestQueue;        //[HTTP请求队列]
static Gk8SetMb sg_iResponseQueue;    //[HTTP响应队列]
static GK8_CHAR sg_szErrorBuf[CURL_ERROR_SIZE];            //[错误信息]
static Gk8Str sg_iErrorStr;
typedef size_t (*HTTPWRITE_CALLBACK)(GK8_LPVOID lpData,size_t nSize,size_t nMemBlock,GK8_LPVOID lpResponseData);
#if (GK8_TARGET_PLATFORM==GK8_PLATFORM_IOS)
#define GK8_ASYNC_HTTPREQUEST_USE_NAMED_SEMAPHORE 1
#else
#define GK8_ASYNC_HTTPREQUEST_USE_NAMED_SEMAPHORE 0
#endif
#if GK8_ASYNC_HTTPREQUEST_USE_NAMED_SEMAPHORE
#define GK8_ASYNC_HTTPREQUEST_SEMAPHORE "Gk8HttpAsync"
#else
static sem_t sg_iSem;
#endif
GK8_BOOL ConfigureCURL(CURL* pCurl);
GK8_INT ProcessGetTask(Gk8HttpRequest* pHttpRequest,HTTPWRITE_CALLBACK lpCallBack,GK8_LPVOID lpStream,GK8_LPINT lpResponseCode);
GK8_INT ProcessPostTask(Gk8HttpRequest* pHttpRequest,HTTPWRITE_CALLBACK lpCallBack,GK8_LPVOID lpStream,GK8_LPINT lpResponseCode);
//[接收HTTP数据]
size_t WriteHttpData(GK8_LPVOID lpData,size_t nSize,size_t nMemBlock,GK8_LPVOID lpResponseData)
{
    Gk8ByteMaker* pResponseData=(Gk8ByteMaker*)lpResponseData;
    size_t nLength=nSize*nMemBlock;
    pResponseData->WriteBuf(lpData,(GK8_INT)nLength);
    return nLength;
}
//[设置CURL超时属性设置]
GK8_BOOL ConfigureCURL(CURL* pCurl)
{
    if(!pCurl) return false;
    CURLcode nCurlCode=curl_easy_setopt(pCurl,CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER,sg_szErrorBuf);
    if(nCurlCode!=CURLE_OK) return false;
    nCurlCode=curl_easy_setopt(pCurl,CURLOPT_TIMEOUT,Gk8HttpClient::GetInstance()->GetTimeoutForRead());
    if(nCurlCode!=CURLE_OK) return false;
    nCurlCode=curl_easy_setopt(pCurl,CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT,Gk8HttpClient::GetInstance()->GetTimeoutForConnect());
    if(nCurlCode!=CURLE_OK) return false;
    curl_easy_setopt(pCurl,CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER,0L);
    curl_easy_setopt(pCurl,CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST,0L);
    curl_easy_setopt(pCurl,CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL,1L);
    return true;
}
//[处理Get请求]
GK8_INT ProcessGetTask(Gk8HttpRequest* pHttpRequest,HTTPWRITE_CALLBACK lpCallBack,GK8_LPVOID lpStream,GK8_LPINT lpResponseCode)
{
    CURLcode nCurlCode=CURL_LAST;
    CURL* pCurl=curl_easy_init();
    do
    {
        if(!ConfigureCURL(pCurl)) break;
        nCurlCode=curl_easy_setopt(pCurl,CURLOPT_URL,pHttpRequest->GetHttpUrl());
        if(nCurlCode!=CURLE_OK) break;
        nCurlCode=curl_easy_setopt(pCurl,CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION,lpCallBack);
        if(nCurlCode!=CURLE_OK) break;
        nCurlCode=curl_easy_setopt(pCurl,CURLOPT_WRITEDATA,lpStream);
        if(nCurlCode!=CURLE_OK) break;
        nCurlCode=curl_easy_setopt(pCurl,CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION,true);
        if(nCurlCode!=CURLE_OK) break;
        nCurlCode=curl_easy_setopt(pCurl,CURLOPT_USERAGENT,"libcurl-agent/1.0");
        if(nCurlCode!=CURLE_OK) break;
        nCurlCode=curl_easy_perform(pCurl);
        if(nCurlCode!=CURLE_OK) break;
        nCurlCode=curl_easy_getinfo(pCurl,CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE,lpResponseCode);
        //[200:指示客服端的请求已经成功收到，解析，接受]
        if(nCurlCode!=CURLE_OK||*lpResponseCode!=200)
        {
            nCurlCode=CURLE_HTTP_RETURNED_ERROR;
        }
    }while(0);
    if(pCurl) curl_easy_cleanup(pCurl);
    return (nCurlCode==CURLE_OK?0:1);
}
//[处理POST请求:流的行事发出]
GK8_INT ProcessPostTask(Gk8HttpRequest* pHttpRequest,HTTPWRITE_CALLBACK lpCallBack,GK8_LPVOID lpStream,GK8_LPINT lpResponseCode)
{
    CURLcode nCurlCode=CURL_LAST;
    CURL* pCurl=curl_easy_init();
    do
    {
        if(!ConfigureCURL(pCurl)) break;
        nCurlCode=curl_easy_setopt(pCurl,CURLOPT_URL,pHttpRequest->GetHttpUrl());
        if(nCurlCode!=CURLE_OK) break;
        nCurlCode=curl_easy_setopt(pCurl,CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION,lpCallBack);
        if(nCurlCode!=CURLE_OK) break;
        nCurlCode=curl_easy_setopt(pCurl,CURLOPT_WRITEDATA,lpStream);
        if(nCurlCode!=CURLE_OK) break;
        nCurlCode=curl_easy_setopt(pCurl,CURLOPT_POST,1);
        if(nCurlCode!=CURLE_OK) break;
        nCurlCode=curl_easy_setopt(pCurl,CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,pHttpRequest->GetRequestData()->GetBuf());
        if(nCurlCode!=CURLE_OK) break;
        nCurlCode=curl_easy_setopt(pCurl,CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE,pHttpRequest->GetRequestDataSize());
        if(nCurlCode!=CURLE_OK) break;
        nCurlCode=curl_easy_perform(pCurl);
        if(nCurlCode!=CURLE_OK) break;
        nCurlCode=curl_easy_getinfo(pCurl,CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE,lpResponseCode);
        if(nCurlCode!=CURLE_OK||*lpResponseCode!=200)
        {
            nCurlCode=CURLE_HTTP_RETURNED_ERROR;
        }
    }while(0);
    if(pCurl) curl_easy_cleanup(pCurl);
    return (nCurlCode==CURLE_OK?0:1);
}
//[创建网络线程]
static GK8_LPVOID NetWorkThread(GK8_LPVOID lpData)
{
    Gk8HttpRequest* pHttpRequest=NULL;
    Gk8HttpResponse* pHttpResponse=NULL;
    while(true)
    {
        //Wait for http request tasks from main thread
        GK8_INT nSemWaitRet=sem_wait(sg_pSem);
        if(nSemWaitRet<0)
        {
            _GK8ERR<<"HttpRequest async thread semaphore error:"<GetRequestType())
        {
            case Gk8HttpRequest::kHttpGet:
                nRetValue=ProcessGetTask(pHttpRequest,WriteHttpData,pHttpResponse->GetResponseData(),&nResponseCode);
                break;
            case Gk8HttpRequest::kHttpPost:
                nRetValue=ProcessPostTask(pHttpRequest,WriteHttpData,pHttpResponse->GetResponseData(),&nResponseCode);
                break;
            default:
                _GK8ERR<<"Gk8HttpClient:Unkown Request Type,Only GET And POST Are Supported"<SetResponseCode(nResponseCode);
        //[清除请求中的二进制数据]
        pHttpRequest->ClearRequestData();
        if(nRetValue!=0)
        {
            pHttpResponse->SetSucceed(false);
            sg_iErrorStr=sg_szErrorBuf;
            pHttpResponse->SetErrorBuffer(sg_iErrorStr);
        }else
        {
            pHttpResponse->SetSucceed(true);
        }
        pthread_mutex_lock(&sg_ResponseQueueMutex);
        sg_iResponseQueue.AddItem(pHttpResponse);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&sg_ResponseQueueMutex);
    }
    sg_AsyncRequestCount-=sg_iRequestQueue.GetSize();
    pthread_mutex_lock(&sg_RequestQueueMutex);
    sg_iRequestQueue.Clear();
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&sg_RequestQueueMutex);
    if(sg_pSem!=NULL)
    {
#if GK8_ASYNC_HTTPREQUEST_USE_NAMED_SEMAPHORE
        sem_unlink(GK8_ASYNC_HTTPREQUEST_SEMAPHORE);
        sem_close(sg_pSem);
#else
        sem_destroy(sg_pSem);
#endif
        sg_pSem=NULL;
        pthread_mutex_destroy(&sg_RequestQueueMutex);
        pthread_mutex_destroy(&sg_ResponseQueueMutex);
        //[依次删除数据]
        GK8_INT nIndex;
        for(nIndex=0;nIndex0)
    {
        pHttpResponse=sg_iResponseQueue.GetItemAt(0);
        sg_iResponseQueue.RemoveItemAt(0);
    }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&sg_ResponseQueueMutex);
    if(pHttpResponse)
    {
        --sg_AsyncRequestCount;
        Gk8HttpRequest* pHttpRequest=pHttpResponse->GetHttpRequest();
        Gk8BaseObj* pTarget=pHttpRequest->GetTarget();
        HTTPREQUEST_CALLBACK_FUN pSelector=pHttpRequest->GetSelector();
        //[回调处理:记录数据]
        if(pTarget&&pSelector)
        {
            (pTarget->*pSelector)(pHttpResponse);
        }
        //[销毁请求数据]
        delete pHttpResponse;
    }
}

C++实现Servlet类：Gk8HttpServlet.h

#ifndef __GK8HTTPSERVICE_H__
#define __GK8HTTPSERVICE_H__
#pragma once
#include "curl/curl.h"
#include "Gk8HttpClient.h"
#include "Gk8HttpRequest.h"
#include "Gk8HttpResponse.h"
class Gk8HttpServlet:public Gk8BaseObj
{
    DECLARE_TOSPP_MAP;
private:
    Gk8Str m_sHttpUrl;                //[HTTP请求地址]
    Gk8ByteMaker m_iRequestData;    //[HTTP请求数据]
    Gk8Var m_iHttpCallVar;            //[HTTP回调信息]
    GK8_VOID ServletRequestCompleted(GK8_LPVOID lpHttpResponse);
public:
    Gk8HttpServlet();
    ~Gk8HttpServlet();
    GK8_VOID TOSPPFUNC SendHttpMessage(GK8_LPCSTR lpHttpData,Gk8Var& iHttpCallVar);
};
#endif

C++实现Servlet类：Gk8HttpServlet.cpp

#include "Gk8HttpServlet.h"
#include "Gk8OperSys.h"
#include "Gk8Helper.h"
static Gk8Str sg_iReceiveMessageEvent("OnReceiveMessage");//[接收网络信息]
#define HTTPSERVLET_FAIL        0        //[HTTP请求失败]
#define HTTPSERVLET_SUCC        1        //[HTTP请求成功]
/////////////////////////////////////////////CLASS-TOLUA////////////////////////////////////////////////////
TOLUA_CLASS_COLLECT_FUNC(Gk8HttpServlet)
BEGIN_TOLUA_CLASS_FUNC(Gk8HttpServlet,NewObj)
    if(!CheckToLuaFunParam(L,"NewObj",Gk8Var()<SendHttpMessage(TOLUAGETSTRING(2),TOLUAGETFUNEX(L,3,0));
END_TOLUA_CLASS_FUNC
//[启动注册类的全部TOLUA函数]
BEGIN_TOLUA_FUN_MAP(Gk8HttpServlet)
    TOLUA_CLASS(Gk8HttpServlet,Gk8BaseObj,"[网络类]","[HTTP请求类]")
    TOLUA_CLASS_FUNC(Gk8HttpServlet,NewObj,"[Gk8HttpServlet* NewObj(GK8_BOOL ifLocal=false)?创建Gk8HttpServlet对象]")
    TOLUA_CLASS_FUNC(Gk8HttpServlet,SendHttpMessage,"[GK8_VOID SendHttpMessage(GK8_LPCSTR lpHttpData,iHttpCallVar)?发送HTTP请求,字符串模式]")
END_TOLUA_FUN_MAP
/////////////////////////////////////////////CLASS-TOSPP////////////////////////////////////////////////////
BEGIN_TOSPP_MAP(Gk8HttpServlet,Gk8BaseObj)
    TOSPP_FUNC(Gk8HttpServlet,SendHttpMessage,' ',"s&v","SendHttpMessage(lpHttpData,iHttpCallVar)")
END_TOSPP_MAP()
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Gk8HttpServlet::Gk8HttpServlet()
{
}
Gk8HttpServlet::~Gk8HttpServlet()
{
}
//[发送HTTP请求注意编码问题]
GK8_VOID Gk8HttpServlet::SendHttpMessage(GK8_LPCSTR lpHttpData,Gk8Var& iHttpCallVar)
{
    m_sHttpUrl=lpHttpData;
    //[注册脚本回调消息]
    m_iHttpCallVar=iHttpCallVar;
    Gk8Var iEmptyVar;
    if(m_iHttpCallVar.GetSize()==1 && m_iHttpCallVar[0].IfInt()) SetEvent(sg_iReceiveMessageEvent,m_iHttpCallVar[0],iEmptyVar);
    Gk8HttpRequest* pHttpRequest=new Gk8HttpRequest();
    pHttpRequest->SetRequestType(Gk8HttpRequest::kHttpGet);
    pHttpRequest->SetHttpUrl(m_sHttpUrl);
    pHttpRequest->SetResponseCallBack(this,(HTTPREQUEST_CALLBACK_FUN)&Gk8HttpServlet::ServletRequestCompleted);
    pHttpRequest->SetRequestData(&m_iRequestData);
    Gk8HttpClient::GetInstance()->Send(pHttpRequest);
}
//[HTTP请求信息回调]
GK8_VOID Gk8HttpServlet::ServletRequestCompleted(GK8_LPVOID lpHttpResponse)
{
    Gk8HttpResponse* pHttpResponse=(Gk8HttpResponse*)lpHttpResponse;
    if(!pHttpResponse) return;
    //[把服务器数据派遣到脚本中]
    GK8_INT nFailCode=HTTPSERVLET_SUCC;
    Gk8Str iResponstStr;
    if(!pHttpResponse->IsSucceed())
    {
        _GK8ERR<<"Gk8HttpServlet Response Failed Error Is "<GetErrorBuffer()<GetResponseData();
        iResponstStr.BinToStr(pResponseData->GetBuf(),pResponseData->GetStreamSize());
    }
    if(m_iHttpCallVar.GetSize()==1)
    {
        RunEventWithArgs(sg_iReceiveMessageEvent,iResponstStr);
    }else
    {
        if(!m_iHttpCallVar[0].IfPtr()||!IfObjPtr(m_iHttpCallVar[0].GetPtr(),m_iHttpCallVar[0].GetPtrId())) return;
        Gk8Obj* pBindObj=m_iHttpCallVar[0].GetSafePtr();
        Gk8Var iParamVar;
        iParamVar<OnCall(m_iHttpCallVar[1],iParamVar);
    }
    //[直接删除本身]
    SafeDeleteObj(this);
}

看完上述内容，你们掌握如何使用HTTP实现文本传输的方法了吗？如果还想学到更多技能或想了解更多相关内容，欢迎关注创新互联行业资讯频道，感谢各位的阅读！