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PostgreSQL源码解读(48)-查询语句#33(query_planner函数#9)

先前的章节已介绍了函数query_planner中子函数remove_useless_joins、reduce_unique_semijoins和add_placeholders_to_base_rels的主要实现逻辑,本节继续介绍create_lateral_join_info、match_foreign_keys_to_quals和extract_restriction_or_clauses的实现逻辑。

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query_planner代码片段:

     //...
 
     /*
      * Construct the lateral reference sets now that we have finalized
      * PlaceHolderVar eval levels.
      */
     create_lateral_join_info(root);//创建Lateral连接信息
 
     /*
      * Match foreign keys to equivalence classes and join quals.  This must be
      * done after finalizing equivalence classes, and it's useful to wait till
      * after join removal so that we can skip processing foreign keys
      * involving removed relations.
      */
     match_foreign_keys_to_quals(root);//匹配外键信息
 
     /*
      * Look for join OR clauses that we can extract single-relation
      * restriction OR clauses from.
      */
     extract_restriction_or_clauses(root);//在OR语句中抽取约束条件
 
     /*
      * We should now have size estimates for every actual table involved in
      * the query, and we also know which if any have been deleted from the
      * query by join removal; so we can compute total_table_pages.
      *
      * Note that appendrels are not double-counted here, even though we don't
      * bother to distinguish RelOptInfos for appendrel parents, because the
      * parents will still have size zero.
      *
      * XXX if a table is self-joined, we will count it once per appearance,
      * which perhaps is the wrong thing ... but that's not completely clear,
      * and detecting self-joins here is difficult, so ignore it for now.
      */
     total_pages = 0;
     for (rti = 1; rti < root->simple_rel_array_size; rti++)//计算总pages
     {
         RelOptInfo *brel = root->simple_rel_array[rti];
 
         if (brel == NULL)
             continue;
 
         Assert(brel->relid == rti); /* sanity check on array */
 
         if (IS_SIMPLE_REL(brel))
             total_pages += (double) brel->pages;
     }
     root->total_table_pages = total_pages;//赋值

     //...

一、数据结构

RelOptInfo
RelOptInfo中,与LATERAL相关的数据结构

 typedef struct RelOptInfo
 {
     NodeTag     type;//节点标识
 
     RelOptKind  reloptkind;//RelOpt类型
 
     //...
 
     /* parameterization information needed for both base rels and join rels */
     /* (see also lateral_vars and lateral_referencers) */
     Relids      direct_lateral_relids;  /*使用lateral语法,需依赖的Relids rels directly laterally referenced */
     Relids      lateral_relids; /* minimum parameterization of rel */
 
     //...
     List       *lateral_vars;   /* 关系依赖的Vars/PHVs LATERAL Vars and PHVs referenced by rel */
     Relids      lateral_referencers;    /*依赖该关系的Relids rels that reference me laterally */
     //...
 } RelOptInfo;

二、源码解读

create_lateral_join_info
PG在提供LATERAL语法之前,假定所有的子查询都可以独立存在,不能互相引用属性或者引用上层的属性,为了可以引用其他或上层的属性,需要在子查询前面显式指定LATERAL关键字.
比如以下的SQL语句,不显式指定LATERAL关键字无法正常运行:

testdb=# select a.*,b.grbh,b.je 
testdb-# from t_dwxx a,(select t1.dwbh,t1.grbh,t2.je from t_grxx t1 inner join t_jfxx t2 on t1.dwbh = a.dwbh and t1.grbh = t2.grbh) b
testdb-# where a.dwbh = '1001'
testdb-# order by b.dwbh;
ERROR:  invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "a"
LINE 2: ... from t_grxx t1 inner join t_jfxx t2 on t1.dwbh = a.dwbh and...
                                                             ^
HINT:  There is an entry for table "a", but it cannot be referenced from this part of the query.

在子查询前显式指定LATERAL后,可以正常运行:

testdb=# select a.*,b.grbh,b.je 
testdb-# from t_dwxx a,lateral (select t1.dwbh,t1.grbh,t2.je from t_grxx t1 inner join t_jfxx t2 on t1.dwbh = a.dwbh and t1.grbh = t2.grbh) b
testdb-# where a.dwbh = '1001'
testdb-# order by b.dwbh;
   dwmc    | dwbh |        dwdz        | grbh |  je   
-----------+------+--------------------+------+-------
 X有限公司 | 1001 | 广东省广州市荔湾区 | 901  | 401.3
 X有限公司 | 1001 | 广东省广州市荔湾区 | 901  | 401.3
 X有限公司 | 1001 | 广东省广州市荔湾区 | 901  | 401.3

如函数注释所描述的,create_lateral_join_info函数的作用是填充RelOptInfo中的相关四个变量,"Fill in the per-base-relation direct_lateral_relids, lateral_relids和and lateral_referencers sets"

源代码如下:

 /*
  * create_lateral_join_info
  *    Fill in the per-base-relation direct_lateral_relids, lateral_relids
  *    and lateral_referencers sets.
  *
  * This has to run after deconstruct_jointree, because we need to know the
  * final ph_eval_at values for PlaceHolderVars.
  */
 void
 create_lateral_join_info(PlannerInfo *root)
 {
     bool        found_laterals = false;
     Index       rti;
     ListCell   *lc;
 
     /* We need do nothing if the query contains no LATERAL RTEs */
     if (!root->hasLateralRTEs)//是否存在LateralRTE
         return;
 
     /*
      * Examine all baserels (the rel array has been set up by now).
      */
     for (rti = 1; rti < root->simple_rel_array_size; rti++)//遍历
     {
         RelOptInfo *brel = root->simple_rel_array[rti];
         Relids      lateral_relids;
 
         /* there may be empty slots corresponding to non-baserel RTEs */
         if (brel == NULL)
             continue;
 
         Assert(brel->relid == rti); /* sanity check on array */
 
         /* ignore RTEs that are "other rels" */
         if (brel->reloptkind != RELOPT_BASEREL)
             continue;
 
         lateral_relids = NULL;
 
         /* consider each laterally-referenced Var or PHV */
         foreach(lc, brel->lateral_vars)
         {
             Node       *node = (Node *) lfirst(lc);
 
             if (IsA(node, Var))
             {
                 Var        *var = (Var *) node;
 
                 found_laterals = true;
                 lateral_relids = bms_add_member(lateral_relids,
                                                 var->varno);
             }
             else if (IsA(node, PlaceHolderVar))
             {
                 PlaceHolderVar *phv = (PlaceHolderVar *) node;
                 PlaceHolderInfo *phinfo = find_placeholder_info(root, phv,
                                                                 false);
 
                 found_laterals = true;
                 lateral_relids = bms_add_members(lateral_relids,
                                                  phinfo->ph_eval_at);
             }
             else
                 Assert(false);
         }
 
         /* We now have all the simple lateral refs from this rel */
         brel->direct_lateral_relids = lateral_relids;
         brel->lateral_relids = bms_copy(lateral_relids);
     }
 
     /*
      * Now check for lateral references within PlaceHolderVars, and mark their
      * eval_at rels as having lateral references to the source rels.
      *
      * For a PHV that is due to be evaluated at a baserel, mark its source(s)
      * as direct lateral dependencies of the baserel (adding onto the ones
      * recorded above).  If it's due to be evaluated at a join, mark its
      * source(s) as indirect lateral dependencies of each baserel in the join,
      * ie put them into lateral_relids but not direct_lateral_relids.  This is
      * appropriate because we can't put any such baserel on the outside of a
      * join to one of the PHV's lateral dependencies, but on the other hand we
      * also can't yet join it directly to the dependency.
      */
     foreach(lc, root->placeholder_list)
     {
         PlaceHolderInfo *phinfo = (PlaceHolderInfo *) lfirst(lc);
         Relids      eval_at = phinfo->ph_eval_at;
         int         varno;
 
         if (phinfo->ph_lateral == NULL)
             continue;           /* PHV is uninteresting if no lateral refs */
 
         found_laterals = true;
 
         if (bms_get_singleton_member(eval_at, &varno))
         {
             /* Evaluation site is a baserel */
             RelOptInfo *brel = find_base_rel(root, varno);
 
             brel->direct_lateral_relids =
                 bms_add_members(brel->direct_lateral_relids,
                                 phinfo->ph_lateral);
             brel->lateral_relids =
                 bms_add_members(brel->lateral_relids,
                                 phinfo->ph_lateral);
         }
         else
         {
             /* Evaluation site is a join */
             varno = -1;
             while ((varno = bms_next_member(eval_at, varno)) >= 0)
             {
                 RelOptInfo *brel = find_base_rel(root, varno);
 
                 brel->lateral_relids = bms_add_members(brel->lateral_relids,
                                                        phinfo->ph_lateral);
             }
         }
     }
 
     /*
      * If we found no actual lateral references, we're done; but reset the
      * hasLateralRTEs flag to avoid useless work later.
      */
     if (!found_laterals)
     {
         root->hasLateralRTEs = false;
         return;
     }
 
     /*
      * Calculate the transitive closure of the lateral_relids sets, so that
      * they describe both direct and indirect lateral references.  If relation
      * X references Y laterally, and Y references Z laterally, then we will
      * have to scan X on the inside of a nestloop with Z, so for all intents
      * and purposes X is laterally dependent on Z too.
      *
      * This code is essentially Warshall's algorithm for transitive closure.
      * The outer loop considers each baserel, and propagates its lateral
      * dependencies to those baserels that have a lateral dependency on it.
      */
     for (rti = 1; rti < root->simple_rel_array_size; rti++)
     {
         RelOptInfo *brel = root->simple_rel_array[rti];
         Relids      outer_lateral_relids;
         Index       rti2;
 
         if (brel == NULL || brel->reloptkind != RELOPT_BASEREL)
             continue;
 
         /* need not consider baserel further if it has no lateral refs */
         outer_lateral_relids = brel->lateral_relids;
         if (outer_lateral_relids == NULL)
             continue;
 
         /* else scan all baserels */
         for (rti2 = 1; rti2 < root->simple_rel_array_size; rti2++)
         {
             RelOptInfo *brel2 = root->simple_rel_array[rti2];
 
             if (brel2 == NULL || brel2->reloptkind != RELOPT_BASEREL)
                 continue;
 
             /* if brel2 has lateral ref to brel, propagate brel's refs */
             if (bms_is_member(rti, brel2->lateral_relids))
                 brel2->lateral_relids = bms_add_members(brel2->lateral_relids,
                                                         outer_lateral_relids);
         }
     }
 
     /*
      * Now that we've identified all lateral references, mark each baserel
      * with the set of relids of rels that reference it laterally (possibly
      * indirectly) --- that is, the inverse mapping of lateral_relids.
      */
     for (rti = 1; rti < root->simple_rel_array_size; rti++)
     {
         RelOptInfo *brel = root->simple_rel_array[rti];
         Relids      lateral_relids;
         int         rti2;
 
         if (brel == NULL || brel->reloptkind != RELOPT_BASEREL)
             continue;
 
         /* Nothing to do at rels with no lateral refs */
         lateral_relids = brel->lateral_relids;
         if (lateral_relids == NULL)
             continue;
 
         /*
          * We should not have broken the invariant that lateral_relids is
          * exactly NULL if empty.
          */
         Assert(!bms_is_empty(lateral_relids));
 
         /* Also, no rel should have a lateral dependency on itself */
         Assert(!bms_is_member(rti, lateral_relids));
 
         /* Mark this rel's referencees */
         rti2 = -1;
         while ((rti2 = bms_next_member(lateral_relids, rti2)) >= 0)
         {
             RelOptInfo *brel2 = root->simple_rel_array[rti2];
 
             Assert(brel2 != NULL && brel2->reloptkind == RELOPT_BASEREL);
             brel2->lateral_referencers =
                 bms_add_member(brel2->lateral_referencers, rti);
         }
     }
 
     /*
      * Lastly, propagate lateral_relids and lateral_referencers from appendrel
      * parent rels to their child rels.  We intentionally give each child rel
      * the same minimum parameterization, even though it's quite possible that
      * some don't reference all the lateral rels.  This is because any append
      * path for the parent will have to have the same parameterization for
      * every child anyway, and there's no value in forcing extra
      * reparameterize_path() calls.  Similarly, a lateral reference to the
      * parent prevents use of otherwise-movable join rels for each child.
      */
     for (rti = 1; rti < root->simple_rel_array_size; rti++)
     {
         RelOptInfo *brel = root->simple_rel_array[rti];
         RangeTblEntry *brte = root->simple_rte_array[rti];
 
         /*
          * Skip empty slots. Also skip non-simple relations i.e. dead
          * relations.
          */
         if (brel == NULL || !IS_SIMPLE_REL(brel))
             continue;
 
         /*
          * In the case of table inheritance, the parent RTE is directly linked
          * to every child table via an AppendRelInfo.  In the case of table
          * partitioning, the inheritance hierarchy is expanded one level at a
          * time rather than flattened.  Therefore, an other member rel that is
          * a partitioned table may have children of its own, and must
          * therefore be marked with the appropriate lateral info so that those
          * children eventually get marked also.
          */
         Assert(brte);
         if (brel->reloptkind == RELOPT_OTHER_MEMBER_REL &&
             (brte->rtekind != RTE_RELATION ||
              brte->relkind != RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE))
             continue;
 
         if (brte->inh)
         {
             foreach(lc, root->append_rel_list)
             {
                 AppendRelInfo *appinfo = (AppendRelInfo *) lfirst(lc);
                 RelOptInfo *childrel;
 
                 if (appinfo->parent_relid != rti)
                     continue;
                 childrel = root->simple_rel_array[appinfo->child_relid];
                 Assert(childrel->reloptkind == RELOPT_OTHER_MEMBER_REL);
                 Assert(childrel->direct_lateral_relids == NULL);
                 childrel->direct_lateral_relids = brel->direct_lateral_relids;
                 Assert(childrel->lateral_relids == NULL);
                 childrel->lateral_relids = brel->lateral_relids;
                 Assert(childrel->lateral_referencers == NULL);
                 childrel->lateral_referencers = brel->lateral_referencers;
             }
         }
     }
 }

跟踪分析:

(gdb) b planmain.c:173
Breakpoint 1 at 0x76961a: file planmain.c, line 173.
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 1, query_planner (root=0x1702b80, tlist=0x174a870, qp_callback=0x76e97d , 
    qp_extra=0x7ffd35e059c0) at planmain.c:177
...
(gdb) 
212   create_lateral_join_info(root);

查看root变量:

(gdb) p *root
$11 = {..., hasLateralRTEs = false, ...}

经过处理后,LATERAL已经消失(hasLateralRTEs = false),不需要进行处理.

match_foreign_keys_to_quals
这是外键相关的处理,等价类与外键约束进行匹配并加入到条件语句(quals)中

 /*
  * match_foreign_keys_to_quals
  *      Match foreign-key constraints to equivalence classes and join quals
  *
  * The idea here is to see which query join conditions match equality
  * constraints of a foreign-key relationship.  For such join conditions,
  * we can use the FK semantics to make selectivity estimates that are more
  * reliable than estimating from statistics, especially for multiple-column
  * FKs, where the normal assumption of independent conditions tends to fail.
  *
  * In this function we annotate the ForeignKeyOptInfos in root->fkey_list
  * with info about which eclasses and join qual clauses they match, and
  * discard any ForeignKeyOptInfos that are irrelevant for the query.
  */
 void
 match_foreign_keys_to_quals(PlannerInfo *root)
 {
     List       *newlist = NIL;
     ListCell   *lc;
 
     foreach(lc, root->fkey_list)
     {
         ForeignKeyOptInfo *fkinfo = (ForeignKeyOptInfo *) lfirst(lc);
         RelOptInfo *con_rel;
         RelOptInfo *ref_rel;
         int         colno;
 
         /*
          * Either relid might identify a rel that is in the query's rtable but
          * isn't referenced by the jointree so won't have a RelOptInfo.  Hence
          * don't use find_base_rel() here.  We can ignore such FKs.
          */
         if (fkinfo->con_relid >= root->simple_rel_array_size ||
             fkinfo->ref_relid >= root->simple_rel_array_size)
             continue;           /* just paranoia */
         con_rel = root->simple_rel_array[fkinfo->con_relid];
         if (con_rel == NULL)
             continue;
         ref_rel = root->simple_rel_array[fkinfo->ref_relid];
         if (ref_rel == NULL)
             continue;
 
         /*
          * Ignore FK unless both rels are baserels.  This gets rid of FKs that
          * link to inheritance child rels (otherrels) and those that link to
          * rels removed by join removal (dead rels).
          */
         if (con_rel->reloptkind != RELOPT_BASEREL ||
             ref_rel->reloptkind != RELOPT_BASEREL)
             continue;
 
         /*
          * Scan the columns and try to match them to eclasses and quals.
          *
          * Note: for simple inner joins, any match should be in an eclass.
          * "Loose" quals that syntactically match an FK equality must have
          * been rejected for EC status because they are outer-join quals or
          * similar.  We can still consider them to match the FK if they are
          * not outerjoin_delayed.
          */
         for (colno = 0; colno < fkinfo->nkeys; colno++)
         {
             AttrNumber  con_attno,
                         ref_attno;
             Oid         fpeqop;
             ListCell   *lc2;
 
             fkinfo->eclass[colno] = match_eclasses_to_foreign_key_col(root,
                                                                       fkinfo,
                                                                       colno);
             /* Don't bother looking for loose quals if we got an EC match */
             if (fkinfo->eclass[colno] != NULL)
             {
                 fkinfo->nmatched_ec++;
                 continue;
             }
 
             /*
              * Scan joininfo list for relevant clauses.  Either rel's joininfo
              * list would do equally well; we use con_rel's.
              */
             con_attno = fkinfo->conkey[colno];
             ref_attno = fkinfo->confkey[colno];
             fpeqop = InvalidOid;    /* we'll look this up only if needed */
 
             foreach(lc2, con_rel->joininfo)
             {
                 RestrictInfo *rinfo = (RestrictInfo *) lfirst(lc2);
                 OpExpr     *clause = (OpExpr *) rinfo->clause;
                 Var        *leftvar;
                 Var        *rightvar;
 
                 /* Ignore outerjoin-delayed clauses */
                 if (rinfo->outerjoin_delayed)
                     continue;
 
                 /* Only binary OpExprs are useful for consideration */
                 if (!IsA(clause, OpExpr) ||
                     list_length(clause->args) != 2)
                     continue;
                 leftvar = (Var *) get_leftop((Expr *) clause);
                 rightvar = (Var *) get_rightop((Expr *) clause);
 
                 /* Operands must be Vars, possibly with RelabelType */
                 while (leftvar && IsA(leftvar, RelabelType))
                     leftvar = (Var *) ((RelabelType *) leftvar)->arg;
                 if (!(leftvar && IsA(leftvar, Var)))
                     continue;
                 while (rightvar && IsA(rightvar, RelabelType))
                     rightvar = (Var *) ((RelabelType *) rightvar)->arg;
                 if (!(rightvar && IsA(rightvar, Var)))
                     continue;
 
                 /* Now try to match the vars to the current foreign key cols */
                 if (fkinfo->ref_relid == leftvar->varno &&
                     ref_attno == leftvar->varattno &&
                     fkinfo->con_relid == rightvar->varno &&
                     con_attno == rightvar->varattno)
                 {
                     /* Vars match, but is it the right operator? */
                     if (clause->opno == fkinfo->conpfeqop[colno])
                     {
                         fkinfo->rinfos[colno] = lappend(fkinfo->rinfos[colno],
                                                         rinfo);
                         fkinfo->nmatched_ri++;
                     }
                 }
                 else if (fkinfo->ref_relid == rightvar->varno &&
                          ref_attno == rightvar->varattno &&
                          fkinfo->con_relid == leftvar->varno &&
                          con_attno == leftvar->varattno)
                 {
                     /*
                      * Reverse match, must check commutator operator.  Look it
                      * up if we didn't already.  (In the worst case we might
                      * do multiple lookups here, but that would require an FK
                      * equality operator without commutator, which is
                      * unlikely.)
                      */
                     if (!OidIsValid(fpeqop))
                         fpeqop = get_commutator(fkinfo->conpfeqop[colno]);
                     if (clause->opno == fpeqop)
                     {
                         fkinfo->rinfos[colno] = lappend(fkinfo->rinfos[colno],
                                                         rinfo);
                         fkinfo->nmatched_ri++;
                     }
                 }
             }
             /* If we found any matching loose quals, count col as matched */
             if (fkinfo->rinfos[colno])
                 fkinfo->nmatched_rcols++;
         }
 
         /*
          * Currently, we drop multicolumn FKs that aren't fully matched to the
          * query.  Later we might figure out how to derive some sort of
          * estimate from them, in which case this test should be weakened to
          * "if ((fkinfo->nmatched_ec + fkinfo->nmatched_rcols) > 0)".
          */
         if ((fkinfo->nmatched_ec + fkinfo->nmatched_rcols) == fkinfo->nkeys)
             newlist = lappend(newlist, fkinfo);
     }
     /* Replace fkey_list, thereby discarding any useless entries */
     root->fkey_list = newlist;
 }

extract_restriction_or_clauses
检查join连接条件的OR-of-AND语句,如存在有用的OR约束条件,则提取出来.
如代码注释所描述,((a.x = 42 AND b.y = 43) OR (a.x = 44 AND b.z = 45)),可以提取条件(a.x = 42 OR a.x = 44) AND (b.y = 43 OR b.z = 45),提取这些条件的目的是为了在连接前能把这些条件下推到关系中,减少参与连接运算的元组数量.
比如:

testdb=# explain verbose select t1.*
from t_dwxx t1 inner join t_grxx t2 
    on (t1.dwbh = '1001' and t2.grbh = '901') OR (t1.dwbh = '1002' and t2.grbh = '902');
                                                                            QUERY PLAN                                       
                                      
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------
 Nested Loop  (cost=0.00..17.23 rows=5 width=474)
   Output: t1.dwmc, t1.dwbh, t1.dwdz
   Join Filter: ((((t1.dwbh)::text = '1001'::text) AND ((t2.grbh)::text = '901'::text)) OR (((t1.dwbh)::text = '1002'::text) 
AND ((t2.grbh)::text = '902'::text)))
   ->  Seq Scan on public.t_grxx t2  (cost=0.00..16.00 rows=4 width=38)
         Output: t2.dwbh, t2.grbh, t2.xm, t2.xb, t2.nl
         Filter: (((t2.grbh)::text = '901'::text) OR ((t2.grbh)::text = '902'::text))
   ->  Materialize  (cost=0.00..1.05 rows=2 width=474)
         Output: t1.dwmc, t1.dwbh, t1.dwdz
         ->  Seq Scan on public.t_dwxx t1  (cost=0.00..1.04 rows=2 width=474)
               Output: t1.dwmc, t1.dwbh, t1.dwdz
               Filter: (((t1.dwbh)::text = '1001'::text) OR ((t1.dwbh)::text = '1002'::text))
(11 rows)

可以看到,t1.dwbh = '1001' OR t1.dwbh = '1002'和t2.grbh = '901' OR t2.grbh = '902'在连接前下推到数据表扫描作为过滤条件.

 /*
  * extract_restriction_or_clauses
  *    Examine join OR-of-AND clauses to see if any useful restriction OR
  *    clauses can be extracted.  If so, add them to the query.
  *
  * Although a join clause must reference multiple relations overall,
  * an OR of ANDs clause might contain sub-clauses that reference just one
  * relation and can be used to build a restriction clause for that rel.
  * For example consider
  *      WHERE ((a.x = 42 AND b.y = 43) OR (a.x = 44 AND b.z = 45));
  * We can transform this into
  *      WHERE ((a.x = 42 AND b.y = 43) OR (a.x = 44 AND b.z = 45))
  *          AND (a.x = 42 OR a.x = 44)
  *          AND (b.y = 43 OR b.z = 45);
  * which allows the latter clauses to be applied during the scans of a and b,
  * perhaps as index qualifications, and in any case reducing the number of
  * rows arriving at the join.  In essence this is a partial transformation to
  * CNF (AND of ORs format).  It is not complete, however, because we do not
  * unravel the original OR --- doing so would usually bloat the qualification
  * expression to little gain.
  *
  * The added quals are partially redundant with the original OR, and therefore
  * would cause the size of the joinrel to be underestimated when it is finally
  * formed.  (This would be true of a full transformation to CNF as well; the
  * fault is not really in the transformation, but in clauselist_selectivity's
  * inability to recognize redundant conditions.)  We can compensate for this
  * redundancy by changing the cached selectivity of the original OR clause,
  * canceling out the (valid) reduction in the estimated sizes of the base
  * relations so that the estimated joinrel size remains the same.  This is
  * a MAJOR HACK: it depends on the fact that clause selectivities are cached
  * and on the fact that the same RestrictInfo node will appear in every
  * joininfo list that might be used when the joinrel is formed.
  * And it doesn't work in cases where the size estimation is nonlinear
  * (i.e., outer and IN joins).  But it beats not doing anything.
  *
  * We examine each base relation to see if join clauses associated with it
  * contain extractable restriction conditions.  If so, add those conditions
  * to the rel's baserestrictinfo and update the cached selectivities of the
  * join clauses.  Note that the same join clause will be examined afresh
  * from the point of view of each baserel that participates in it, so its
  * cached selectivity may get updated multiple times.
  */
 void
 extract_restriction_or_clauses(PlannerInfo *root)
 {
     Index       rti;
 
     /* Examine each baserel for potential join OR clauses */
     for (rti = 1; rti < root->simple_rel_array_size; rti++)
     {
         RelOptInfo *rel = root->simple_rel_array[rti];
         ListCell   *lc;
 
         /* there may be empty slots corresponding to non-baserel RTEs */
         if (rel == NULL)
             continue;
 
         Assert(rel->relid == rti);  /* sanity check on array */
 
         /* ignore RTEs that are "other rels" */
         if (rel->reloptkind != RELOPT_BASEREL)
             continue;
 
         /*
          * Find potentially interesting OR joinclauses.  We can use any
          * joinclause that is considered safe to move to this rel by the
          * parameterized-path machinery, even though what we are going to do
          * with it is not exactly a parameterized path.
          *
          * However, it seems best to ignore clauses that have been marked
          * redundant (by setting norm_selec > 1).  That likely can't happen
          * for OR clauses, but let's be safe.
          */
         foreach(lc, rel->joininfo)
         {
             RestrictInfo *rinfo = (RestrictInfo *) lfirst(lc);
 
             if (restriction_is_or_clause(rinfo) &&
                 join_clause_is_movable_to(rinfo, rel) &&
                 rinfo->norm_selec <= 1)
             {
                 /* Try to extract a qual for this rel only */
                 Expr       *orclause = extract_or_clause(rinfo, rel);
 
                 /*
                  * If successful, decide whether we want to use the clause,
                  * and insert it into the rel's restrictinfo list if so.
                  */
                 if (orclause)
                     consider_new_or_clause(root, rel, orclause, rinfo);
             }
         }
     }
 }

三、参考资料

planmain.c


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