使用二进制演示MySQL安装步骤

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安装环境准备：

系统版本：
[root@node2 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
selinux关闭：
[root@node2 ~]# getenforce
Disabled
防火墙关闭：
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:firewalld(1)

1、安装依赖包
yum install libaio -y

2、下载MySQL二进制安装包

https://dev.mysql.com （社区网站）
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/file/?id=474755 （下载页面）

下载地址：
wget -p /opt/  https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

参数说明：-p             下载所有为了html页面显示正常的文件。
-p . /local     保存所有文件和目录到本地指定目录。

3、创建用户

useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

4、解压、创建目录、并创建软连接

mkdir /opt/mysql/
tar zxf /opt/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /opt/mysql/
cd /usr/local/
ln -s /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64

5、创建数据库相关目录（备份用）

mkdir -pv /data/mysql/mysql3306/{data,logs,tmp}

6、更改相关目录的属性

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /data

7、创建配置相关文件

配置文件为：/etc/my.cnf

cat > /etc/my.cnf << EOF

#my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock

[mysql]
prompt="\u@\h [\d]>"
no-auto-rehash

[mysqld]
#misc
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/data
tmpdir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
event_scheduler = 0

#timeout
interactive_timeout = 300
wait_timeout = 300

#character set
character-set-server = utf8

open_files_limit = 65535
max_connections = 100
max_connect_errors = 100000
lower_case_table_names =1

gtid-mode = on
enforce-gtid-consistency=1

#rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1
#rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=1000 # 1 second
#rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1

####### slow log ######
log-output=file
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = slow.log
log-error = error.log
log_warnings = 2
pid-file = mysql.pid
long_query_time = 1
#log-slow-admin-statements = 1
#log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1
log-slow-slave-statements = 1

####### binlog ######
binlog_format = row
server-id = 1003306
log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql-bin
max_binlog_size = 256M
sync_binlog = 0
expire_logs_days = 10
#procedure
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1

####### relay log ######
skip_slave_start = 1
max_relay_log_size = 128M
relay_log_purge = 1
relay_log_recovery = 1
relay-log=relay-bin
relay-log-index = relay-bin.index
log_slave_updates = ON
#slave-skip-errors=1032,1053,1062
#skip-grant-tables

####### buffers & cache ######
table_open_cache = 2048
table_definition_cache = 2048
table_open_cache = 2048
max_heap_table_size = 96M
sort_buffer_size = 128K
join_buffer_size = 128K
thread_cache_size = 200
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_type = 0
query_cache_limit = 256K
query_cache_min_res_unit = 512
thread_stack = 192K
tmp_table_size = 96M
key_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M

#myisam
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1

#innodb
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:100M:autoextend
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_log_file_size = 100M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_rollback_on_timeout
innodb_io_capacity = 2000
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
EOF

8、初始化数据库

cd /usr/local/mysql/
./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf   --initialize

9、创建启动脚本

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

/etc/init.d/mysqld start

Starting MySQL............ SUCCESS!   （启动成功）

10、创建快速启动的环境变量

echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

11、查看MySQL初始密码

grep "password" /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/error.log
2018-02-01T05:44:04.334666Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: usXXw5x.zzfw（默认登录密码）

12、修改初始密码

初始密码为： q=usXXw5x.zzfw 每次初始化密码都不会相同；
登录数据库修改密码为：123456

mysql -uroot -p初始密码
mysql> alter user user() identified by '123456';
或者：
mysql> SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD('123456');
mysql> flush privileges;

说明：此处的密码更改为123456，建议密码复杂化。

或者使用下面的命令：
PASSWD=$(grep 'password is' /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/error.log  | awk '{print $NF}')

mysql -uroot -p"$PASSWD" --connect-expired-password -e "alter user user() identified by '123456';"

至此，MySQL数据库的二进制安装完成，您将进入一个暂新的数据世界。

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