102django_cbv-创新互联

目录

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django.views.generic.TemplateView..1

django.views.generic.View..2

类的继承和覆盖：...5

自定义LoginRequiredMixin：...5

通用视图：...6

django.views.generic.ListView..6

django.views.generic.DetailView..8

django.views.generic.FormView：...9

django.views.generic.CreateView：...9

django.views.generic.UpdateView：...9

cbv，class based view：

基于类的视图，使编写view更简洁，有复杂的继承关系；

CBV和FBV两者各有优劣；

django.views.generic.TemplateView

UML图；

Mixin增强功能，提供一些方法，如TemplateResponseMixin提供了render_to_response()渲染模板，ContextMixin提供get_context_data()；

View提供get,post访问入口；

例，ver1：

def about(request):   #ver1，FBV用法

return render(request, 'blog/about.html')

url(r'^about/', views.about, name='about'),

例，ver2：

from django.views.generic import TemplateView

app_name = 'blog'

urlpatterns = [

url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'),

url(r'^login/', views.auth_login, name='login'),

url(r'^logout/', views.auth_logout, name='logout'),

# url(r'^about/', views.about, name='about'),

url(r'^about/', TemplateView.as_view(template_name='blog/about.html')),   #ver2，CBV用法1

]

例，ver3：

from django.views.generic import TemplateView

class AboutView(TemplateView):   #ver3，CBV用法2

template_name = 'blog/about.html'

url(r'^about/', AboutView.as_view()),

django.views.generic.View

View源码：

该类在没更改原来django逻辑的情况下，可用于编写view，每个http请求会使用对应类的同名的方法进行处理；

class View(object):

"""

Intentionally simple parent class for all views. Only implements

dispatch-by-method and simple sanity checking.

"""

http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'head', 'options', 'trace']

def __init__(self, **kwargs):   #检查as_view()传入的参数是否在类中定义

"""

Constructor. Called in the URLconf; can contain helpful extra

keyword arguments, and other things.

"""

# Go through keyword arguments, and either save their values to our

# instance, or raise an error.

for key, value in six.iteritems(kwargs):

setattr(self, key, value)

@classonlymethod

def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):   #返回的是一个函数对象（装饰器）；template_name=’blog/about.html’模板名作为参数传，或在类属性中定义，传入的参数可覆盖类中定义的属性

"""

Main entry point for a request-response process.

"""

for key in initkwargs:

if key in cls.http_method_names:

raise TypeError("You tried to pass in the %s method name as a "

"keyword argument to %s(). Don't do that."

        % (key, cls.__name__))

if not hasattr(cls, key):

raise TypeError("%s() received an invalid keyword %r. as_view "

"only accepts arguments that are already "

"attributes of the class." % (cls.__name__, key))

def view(request, *args, **kwargs):

self = cls(**initkwargs)

if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'):

self.head = self.get

self.request = request

self.args = args

self.kwargs = kwargs

return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

view.view_class = cls

view.view_initkwargs = initkwargs

# take name and docstring from class

update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=())

# and possible attributes set by decorators

# like csrf_exempt from dispatch

update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=())

return view

def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):   #根据用户的request method路由到get、post方法

# Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist,

# defer to the error handler. Also defer to the error handler if the

# request method isn't on the approved list.

   if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:

handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed)

else:

handler = self.http_method_not_allowed

return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)

def http_method_not_allowed(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

logger.warning(

'Method Not Allowed (%s): %s', request.method, request.path,

extra={'status_code': 405, 'request': request}

)

return http.HttpResponseNotAllowed(self._allowed_methods())

def options(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

"""

Handles responding to requests for the OPTIONS HTTP verb.

"""

response = http.HttpResponse()

response['Allow'] = ', '.join(self._allowed_methods())

response['Content-Length'] = '0'

return response

def _allowed_methods(self):

return [m.upper() for m in self.http_method_names if hasattr(self, m)]

例，ver1，FBV：

def my_view(request):

if request.method == 'GET':

return HttpResponse('get it')

elif request.method == 'POST':

return HttpResponse('post it')

elif request.method == 'HEAD':

return HttpResponse('head it')

例，ver2，CBV，省去了if判断：

from django.views.generic import View

class MyView(View):

def get(self, request):

return HttpResponse('get it')

def post(self, request):

return HttpResponse('post it')

def head(self, request):

return HttpResponse('head it')

# url(r'^myview', views.my_view),

url(r'^myview', MyView.as_view()),

类的继承和覆盖：

class GreetingView(View):

greeting = 'good day'

def get(self, request):

return HttpResponse(self.greeting)

class MorningGreetingView(GreetingView):

greeting = 'morning to yo'

自定义LoginRequiredMixin：

class LoginRequiredMixin:

@classmethod

def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):

view = super(LoginRequiredMixin, cls).as_view(**initkwargs)

return login_required(view)

class MyView(LoginRequiredMixin, View):

pass

装饰类：

from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator

class ProtectedView(TemplateView):

template_name = 'blog/about.html'

@method_decorator(login_required)

def dispatch(self, *args, **kwargs):

return super(ProtectedView, self).dispatch(*args, **kwargs)

通用视图：

generic class based view和class based view概念上不是一回事；

class based view是用类的方式写view；

generic class based view是用class based view方式将常用的CRUD封装成可扩展的类，使用时直接继承，快速实现；

django.views.generic.ListView

多对象；

默认提供的上下文是object_list，也可用context_object_name指定；

queryset、get_queryset、model；

可指定template_name；

例，ver1：

def publisher_list(request):

publishers = Publisher.objects.all()

return render(request, 'books/publishers.html', {'publishers': publishers})

例，ver2：

from django.views.generic import ListView

class PublisherList(ListView):   #默认去找suffix为list的模板，即publisher_list.html；publisher_list.html模板；默认的context为object_list

model = Publisher   #返回Publisher.object.all()，多对象

# template_name = 'books/publishers.html'   #

# context_object_name =    #提供上下文

# queryset = Publisher.objects.all()   #model|queryset|get_queryset()三者关系

# def get_queryset(self):

#       return Publisher.objects.all()

{% for publisher in object_list%}

{{ publisher }}

{% endfor %}

# url(r'^$', views.publisher_list, name='publishers'),

url(r'^$', PublisherList.as_view(), name='publisher'),

django.views.generic.DetailView

单个对象的详情；

get_context_data()；

context_object_name；

{{ publisher }}

{% for book in book_list %}

{{ book }}


{{ book.publisher }}

{% endfor %}

from django.views.generic import DetailView

from .models import Book

class PublisherDetail(DetailView):

model = Publisher

context_object_name = 'publisher'

def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):

context = super(PublisherDetail, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)

context['book_list'] = Book.objects.all()

return context

url(r'^$', PublisherList.as_view(), name='publisher'),

url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)/$', PublisherDetail.as_view()),

django.views.generic.FormView：

class PublisherForm(forms.Form):

name = forms.CharField(label=_('Your name'), max_length=30)

address = forms.CharField(max_length=50)

city = forms.CharField(max_length=60)

state_province = forms.CharField(max_length=30)

country = forms.CharField(max_length=20)

website = forms.CharField(max_length=50)

def send_mail(self):

print('~~~~~~~~~~~send_mail()   OK')

from django.views.generic import FormView

class PublisherView(FormView):

form_class = PublisherForm

template_name = 'books/books_add.html'

success_url = '/books/'

def form_valid(self, form):

form.send_mail()

return super(PublisherView, self).form_valid(form)

url(r'^$', PublisherList.as_view(), name='publisher'),

url(r'^add', PublisherView.as_view()),

django.views.generic.CreateView：

根据model和fields动态构建form，另form_class = forms.AuthorForm等价于model和fields；

model + fields = form_class，另get_form_class、get_form；

template_name，不指定默认找suffix为_form.html；

success_url，get_success_url；

form_valid()、form_invalid()，注意重写都要调用父类方法；

get_context_data；

success_message、get_success_message；

from django.views.generic import CreateView

from .models import Author

class AuthorCreate(CreateView):

model = Author

fields = ['first_name', 'last_name', 'email']

success_url = '/books/'

def form_valid(self, form):

return super().form_valid(form)

def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):

context = {'extra': 'some context'}

kwargs.update(context)

return super().get_context_data(**kwargs)

url(r'^author/', AuthorCreate.as_view()),

django.views.generic.UpdateView：

django.views.generic.DeleteView：

要有删除确认页面；

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