动手为王——利用logminer挖掘日志恢复误操作

挖掘日志恢复误操作

1 介绍：

LogMiner是Oracle数据库提供的一个工具，它用于分析重做日志和归档日志所记载的事务操作。

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Logminer是oracle从8i开始提供的用于分析重做日志信息的工具，它包括DBMS_LOGMNR和DBMS_LOGMNR_D两个package。它既能分析redo log file，也能分析归档后的archive log file。在分析日志的过程中需要使用数据字典，一般先生成数据字典文件后使用，10g版本还可以使用在线数据字典。

Logminer也可以分析其它数据库的重做日志文件，但是必须使用重做日志所在数据库的数据字典，否则会出现无法识别的乱码。另外被分析数据库的操作系统平台最好和当前Logminer所在数据库的运行平台一样，且block size相同。

LogMiner的功能

1）确定数据库的逻辑损坏时间

通过LogMiner可以准确定位该误操作的执行时间和SCN值，然后通过基于时间恢复或者基于SCN恢复可以完全恢复该表数据。

 SQL> select scn_to_timestamp(2599788) from dual;

scn_to_timestamp(2599788)

-------------------

2016-05-01 06:06:01

SQL>select timestamp_to_scn(to_timestamp('2016-5-1 6:06:06','yyyy-mm-dd hh34:mi:ss')) FROM dual;

TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN(TO_TIMESTAMP('2016-5-16:06:06','YYYY-MM-DDHH24:MI:SS'))

------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                                 2599788

2）确定事务级要执行的精细逻辑恢复操作

通过LogMiner可以取得任何用户的DML操作及相应的UNDO操作，通过执行UNDO操作可以取消用户的错误操作。

3）执行后续审计

通过LogMiner可以跟踪Oracle数据库的所有DML、DDL和DCL操作，从而取得执行这些操作的时间顺序、执行这些操作的用户等信息。

追加日志

  重做日志用于实现例程恢复和介质恢复，这些操作所需要的数据被自动记录在重做日志中。但是，重做应用可能还需要记载其他列信息到重做日志中，记录其他列的日志过程被称为追加日志。

  默认情况下，Oracle数据库没有开启追加日志，从而导致默认情况下LogMiner无法支持以下特征：

  1）索引簇、链行和迁移行；

  2）直接路径插入；

  3）摘取LogMiner字典到重做日志；

  4）跟踪DDL；

  5）生成键列的SQL_REDO和SQL_UNDO信息；

  6）LONG和LOB数据类型。

----如何修改追加日志数据模式：

SYS@test> select supplemental_log_data_min from v$database;

SUPPLEME

--------

NO

SYS@test> alter database add supplemental log data;

Database altered.

SYS@test> select supplemental_log_data_min from v$database;

SUPPLEME

--------

YES

----关闭追加日志

SYS@test> alter database drop supplemental log data;

Database altered.

SYS@test> select supplemental_log_data_min from v$database;

SUPPLEME

--------

NO

2环境准备(数据误delete后并commit)

SYS@test> create user shall identified by shall;

User created.

SYS@test> grant connect,resource to shall;

Grant succeeded.

SHALL@test> create table test(id number,name varchar2(20));

Table created.

SHALL@test> begin

  2  for i in 1..100000 loop

  3  insert into test values(i,'zhong');

  4  end loop;

  5  commit;

  6  end;

  7  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SHALL@test> select count(*) from test;

  COUNT(*)

----------

    100000

SHALL@test> select * from test where id = 999;

        ID NAME

---------- --------------------

       999 zhong

SHALL@test> delete test;

100000 rows deleted.

SHALL@test> commit;

Commit complete.

SHALL@test> select * from test;

no rows selected

3开始数据挖掘找回已提交的删除数据

（1）数据库是关闭追加日志状态：

SYS@test> select supplemental_log_data_min from v$database;

SUPPLEME

--------

NO

（2）查询库redo位置

SYS@test> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01_1.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02_1.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03_1.log

（3）生成日志挖掘队列

SYS@test> exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01_1.log');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SYS@test> exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02_1.log');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SYS@test> exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03_1.log');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

----如果刚做了误操作，日志未切换，可以只添加当前redo

SYS@test> select group#,status from v$log;

    GROUP# STATUS

---------- ----------------

         1 INACTIVE

         2 INACTIVE

         3 CURRENT

SYS@test> col member for a50

SYS@test> select group#,member,type from v$logfile;

    GROUP# MEMBER                                             TYPE

---------- -------------------------------------------------- -------

         1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01_1.log          ONLINE

         2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02_1.log          ONLINE

         3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03_1.log          ONLINE

（4）开始挖掘

SYS@test> exec dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(options=>dbms_logmnr.dict_from_online_catalog);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

（5）从v$logmnr_contents查前滚SQL和反算回来的回滚SQL

SYS@test> select sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where lower(sql_redo) like '%delete%' and seg_name='TEST';

redo数据如下：

SQL_REDO

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

delete from "SHALL"."TEST" where "ID" = '42016' and "NAME" = 'zhong' and ROWID =

 'AAAWGEAAEAAAOSfABL';

delete from "SHALL"."TEST" where "ID" = '42017' and "NAME" = 'zhong' and ROWID =

 'AAAWGEAAEAAAOSfABM';

delete from "SHALL"."TEST" where "ID" = '42018' and "NAME" = 'zhong' and ROWID =

 'AAAWGEAAEAAAOSfABN';

delete from "SHALL"."TEST" where "ID" = '42019' and "NAME" = 'zhong' and ROWID =

undo数据如下：

SYS@test> select sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where lower(sql_undo) like '%delete%' and seg_name='TEST';

SQL_REDO

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

insert into "SHALL"."TEST"("ID","NAME") values ('5039','zhong');

insert into "SHALL"."TEST"("ID","NAME") values ('5040','zhong');

insert into "SHALL"."TEST"("ID","NAME") values ('5041','zhong');

insert into "SHALL"."TEST"("ID","NAME") values ('5042','zhong');

insert into "SHALL"."TEST"("ID","NAME") values ('5043','zhong');

insert into "SHALL"."TEST"("ID","NAME") values ('5044','zhong');

insert into "SHALL"."TEST"("ID","NAME") values ('5045','zhong');

insert into "SHALL"."TEST"("ID","NAME") values ('5046','zhong');

SYS@test> set linesize 200

SYS@test> set pagesize 10000

SYS@test> create table shall as select sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where lower(sql_undo) like '%delete%' and seg_name='TEST';

SYS@test> select * from shall;

（6）最后结束挖掘：

SYS@test> EXECUTE DBMS_LOGMNR.END_LOGMNR;

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.