编译安装Lnmp并使用服务管理

Ubuntu 更换国内镜像源

sudo vim /etc/apt/source.list
    sudo apt update
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main universe restricted multiverse

安装依赖

sudo apt install gcc openssl  libssl-dev  libpcre3 libpcre3-dev zlib1g zlib1g-dev make autoconf automake cmake

准备用户和用户组

查看 ×××w 用户是否存在 ： groups ×××w

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groupadd ×××w
useradd -g ×××w -M ×××w  # -M 不为 ×××w 用户创建 home 目录

禁止 ×××w 用户通过 bash 登录

vim /etc/passwd
修改  /bin/bash -> /sbin/nologin

Nginx

1. 下载 && 解压

   wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.1.tar.gz
   tar -zxvf nginx-1.14.1.tar.gz

2. 配置

   sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
   --pid-path=/user/local/nginx/run/nginx.pid \
   --user=×××w \
   --group=×××w \
   --with-http_ssl_module \
   --with-http_flv_module \
   --with-http_stub_status_module \
   --with-http_gzip_static_module  \
   --with-pcre \
   --without-mail_pop3_module \
   --without-mail_imap_module \
   --without-mail_smtp_module

注：
--prefix：Nginx安装目录
--user：Nginx用户
--group：Nginx用户所属组
--with-http_ssl_module：提供https支持
--with-http_flv_module：搭建flv视频服务器使用的
--with-http_stub_status_module：开启Stub Status模块，该模块会产生一个服务器状态和信息页
--with-http_gzip_static_module：开启Gzip静态模块，该模块用于发送预压缩文件
--with-pcre：perl执行文件路径

    完成后最后提示：

  nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"  # 安装目录

nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" # 命令目录
nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules" # nginx 模块目录
nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf" # nginx 配置路径
nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" # nginx配置
nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/run/nginx.pid" # nginx 运行 pid
nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log" # 错误日志
nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log" # 请求日志
nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"

3 . 编译

sudo make 

4 . 安装

make install

完成后查看 安装是否成功 ：/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -v

nginx version: nginx/1.14.1

启动后访问： curl localhost

5 . 操作 nginx 方法
方法1. 直接 使用 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 命令：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t              # 检测配置是否正确
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx                 # 启动 nginx ，启动后查看进程 ps -ef| grep nginx
/user/local/nginx/sbin/nginx  -s  reload |stop|quit     # 平滑重启|停止|退出 [ -s 向 nginx 命令脚本发送 信号]
kill -TERM 主进程号                 #  快速停止 nginx
pkill -9 nginx                      # 强制停止 nginx

方法2. 创建软链
sudo ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/bin/nginx

nginx           # 启动nginx
nginx -s stop       # 停止 nginx 
nginx -s reload # 平滑重启 nginx
nginx -s quit       # 退出 nginx
nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf       # 以指定配置启动 nginx

方法3. systemd 管理 并设置开机自启动
创建 nginx 服务

vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

写入 内容

[Unit]
Description=nginx - high performance web server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

文件说明
[Unit]部分
Description:描述服务
After:依赖，当依赖的服务启动之后再启动自定义的服务
[Service]部分
Type=forking是后台运行的形式
ExecStart为服务的具体运行命令(需要根据路径适配)
ExecReload为重启命令(需要根据路径适配)
ExecStop为停止命令(需要根据路径适配)
PrivateTmp=True表示给服务分配独立的临时空间
注意：启动、重启、停止命令全部要求使用绝对路径
[Install]部分
服务安装的相关设置，可设置为多用户

• 开机启动 任意目录都可执行
  systemctl enable nginx.service # 开机启动
  systemctl disable nginx # 禁止开启启动
• 管理命令
  systemctl start nginx
  systemctl stop nginx
  systemctl reload nginx
  systemctl status nginx
  systemctl list-units --type=service # 查看所有服务

如果遇到错误： System has not been booted with systemd as init system (PID 1). Can't operat
意味着系统使用 sysvinit 运行，而不是 systemd 运行，请使用下面的方法

    先删除之前的配置
    sudo rm -rf nginx.service
    sudo rm -rf nginx.service

方法4. 管理 ngixn 服务
sudo vim /etc/init.d/nginx
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx

#! /bin/sh
# chkconfig: 2345 55 25
# Description: Startup script for nginx webserver on Debian. Place in /etc/init.d and
# run 'update-rc.d -f nginx defaults', or use the appropriate command on your
# distro. For CentOS/Redhat run: 'chkconfig --add nginx'

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          nginx
# Required-Start:    $all
# Required-Stop:     $all
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
# Description:       starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO

# Author:   licess
# website:  https://lnmp.org

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
NAME=nginx
NGINX_BIN=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/$NAME
CONFIGFILE=/usr/local/nginx/conf/$NAME.conf
PIDFILE=/usr/local/nginx/run/$NAME.pid
if [ -s /bin/ss ]; then
    StatBin=/bin/ss
else
    StatBin=/bin/netstat
fi

case "$1" in
    start)
        echo -n "Starting $NAME... "

        if $StatBin -tnpl | grep -q nginx;then
            echo "$NAME (pid `pidof $NAME`) already running."
            exit 1
        fi

        $NGINX_BIN -c $CONFIGFILE

        if [ "$?" != 0 ] ; then
            echo " failed"
            exit 1
        else
            echo " done"
        fi
        ;;

    stop)
        echo -n "Stoping $NAME... "

        if ! $StatBin -tnpl | grep -q nginx; then
            echo "$NAME is not running."
            exit 1
        fi

        $NGINX_BIN -s stop

        if [ "$?" != 0 ] ; then
            echo " failed. Use force-quit"
            $0 force-quit
        else
            echo " done"
        fi
        ;;

    status)
        if $StatBin -tnpl | grep -q nginx; then
            PID=`pidof nginx`
            echo "$NAME (pid $PID) is running..."
        else
            echo "$NAME is stopped."
            exit 0
        fi
        ;;

    force-quit|kill)
        echo -n "Terminating $NAME... "

        if ! $StatBin -tnpl | grep -q nginx; then
            echo "$NAME is is stopped."
            exit 1
        fi

        kill `pidof $NAME`

        if [ "$?" != 0 ] ; then
            echo " failed"
            exit 1
        else
            echo " done"
        fi
        ;;

    restart)
        $0 stop
        sleep 1
        $0 start
        ;;

    reload)
        echo -n "Reload service $NAME... "

        if $StatBin -tnpl | grep -q nginx; then
            $NGINX_BIN -s reload
            echo " done"
        else
            echo "$NAME is not running, can't reload."
            exit 1
        fi
        ;;

    configtest)
        echo -n "Test $NAME configure files... "

        $NGINX_BIN -t
        ;;

    *)
        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status|configtest|force-quit|kill}"
        exit 1
        ;;
esac

管理命令

service nginx start 
service nginx stop
service nginx status
service nginx reload
service nginx restart
service nginx configuretest

执行提示如下错误
Failed to start nginx.service: Unit nginx.service is masked.

解决方案：
systemctl unmask nginx.service

服务随系统启动

sudo apt install sysv-rc-conf
sudo sysv-rc-conf nginx on

MySQL

安装依赖

sudo apt install cmake g++ bison libncurses5-dev build-essential

1. 下载解压
   sudo wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.24.tar.gz
   sudo tar -zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.24.tar.gz
   cd /usr/local/src/mysql-boost-5.7.24
2. 生成配置文件
   sudo cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
   -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
   -DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/mysql/etc \
   #-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/src/mysql-boost-5.7.24/boost/boost_1_59_0 \
   -DWITH_BOOST=boost
   -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
   -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
   -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
   -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
   -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
   -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
   -DWITHOUT_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
   -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
   -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
   -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
   -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
   -DWITH_READLINE=1 \
   -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
   -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
   -DMYSQL_USER=×××w \
   -DCOMPILATION_COMMENT="lq-edition" \
   -DENABLE_DTRACE=0 \
   -DOPTIMIZER_TRACE=1 \
   -DWITH_DEBUG=1
3. 编译、安装
   sudo make && sudo make install
4. 新建 用户和用户组 mysql:mysql
   sudo groupadd mysql
   sudo useradd -g mysql -M mysql
5. 创建数据目录 并添加 写权限
   sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data
   sudo chmod +w /usr/local/mysql
6. 修改 mysql 目录所有者
   sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
7. 初始化 mysql ，并开启 ssl 功能
   sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
   sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
8. 测试启动 mysql
   sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
9. 启动 mysql 服务 并修改密码
   sudo /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
   sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p'password'
   set password for 'root'@'localhost' = password('123456');
   # 退出客户端，重新连接进行测试
   mysql>quit;
   sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
   Enter password: # 输入密码
10. 管理 mysql 服务
    sudo /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop
    sudo cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
    sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
    sudo systemctl unmask mysql.service
    sudo sysv-rc-conf mysql on

    此时可以用 service 进行管理，常用命令：
    service mysql start 
    service mysql stop
    service mysql status
    service mysql reload
    service mysql restart
    service mysql help

11. 添加客户端命令☞环境变量
    sudo vim ~/.bashrc
    # 在开头添加
    export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
    export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
    # 刷新环境变量
    source ~/.bashrc
    # 测试
    mysql -u root -p
12. 允许远程登录
    # 客户端登录
    mysql -u root -p
    # 创建用户并授权
    mysql>use mysql;
    mysql>grant all on . to 'leesin'@'%' identified by '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
    # 刷新权限
    mysql>flush privileges;
    # 测试
    mysql -u leesin -p
13. 配置文件不存在问题请参考：
    https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38545713/article/details/81868846

PHP

安装依赖

sudo apt install libxml2 libxml2-dev openssl libssl-dev curl libcurl4-gnutls-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libmcrypt-dev

1. 下载解压
   sudo wget http://cn2.php.net/get/php-7.2.12.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
   sudo tar -zxvf mirror && cd php-7.2.12

2. 配置
   ./configure --help 查看所有选项
   切记不要有多余空格：
   sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php \
   --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \
   --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/lib \
   --enable-fpm \
   --enable-mysqlnd \
   --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
   --with-openssl \
   --with-zlib \
   --enable-zip \
   --with-gd \
   --with-curl=/usr/bin/curl \
   --with-mysqli \
   --with-pdo-mysql

   tip： 如果报错，curl ： sudo ln -s /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/curl /usr/include/curl

3. 编译 && 测试
   sudo make && sudo make test

   tips: 错误： sapi/cli/php not found  
                   make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
                   ln -s /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so.2 /usr/lib64/
   
                   或者：
                       sudo vim Makefile
                                   EXTRA_LIBS = 新增  -liconv

4. 安装
   sudo make install

5. 配置 PHP
   sudo cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
   sudo cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/×××w.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/×××w.conf
   sudo cp /usr/local/src/php-7.2.12/php.ini-development /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
   sudo mkdir /tmp/php && sudo touch /tmp/php/php-cgi.sock

   \# 解决访问时无权限问题 + *6 connect() to unix:/tmp/php/php-cgi.sock failed (111: Connection refused) 问题
   \# 修改 /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/×××w.conf
   listen.owner = ×××w
   listen.group = ×××w
   listen.mode = 0660

   修改配置：
   /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/×××w.conf
   user = ×××w
   group = ×××w
   listen = /tmp/php/php-cgi.sock # sock 监听，性能更高
   /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
   cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

6. 配置 php-fpm 服务管理
   sudo cp /usr/local/src/php-7.2.12/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
   sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
   sudo systemctl unmask php-fpm.service # 添加服务
   sudo sysv-rc-conf php-fpm on # 开机启动
   #chkconfig --add php-fpm

   此时就可以使用 service 进行管理了
   service php-fpm start
   serivce php-fpm stop
   service php-fpm status  
   service php-fpm reload
   service php-fpm restart
   service php-fpm help
   service php-fpm configtest

7. 配置环境变量
   # 方法 1 - 创建软链
   sudo ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/php /usr/bin/php
   php -v|m

   \# 方法 2 - 设置全局环境变量
   sudo vim /etc/profile
   export PATH=/usr/local/php/bin:$PATH
   source /etc/profile
   
   \# 方法 3 - 设置当前用户环境变量
   sudo vim ~/.bashrc
   export PATH=/usr/local/php/bin:$PATH
   source ~/.bashrc
   php -v|m

   Nginx + php-fpm 配置

   sudo mkdir vhosts # 存放 细分 的配置
   sudo vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
   http{
   ...
   include vhosts/*.conf
   }

具体 项目配置：
touch /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf

server {
            listen       80;
            server_name  lee.test.me;
            #server_name  10.1.16.162;
            charset utf-8;
            index index.php index.html index.htm;
            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
            root   /Data/×××wroot/test/public;

            if (!-e $request_filename) {
                 rewrite  ^(.*)$  /index.php?s=/$1  last;
                 break;
            }  

            #error_page  404              /404.html;

            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
                            location = /50x.html {
                            root   html;
            }  
            location ~ \.php$ {
                    #fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
                                    fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php/php-cgi.sock;
                    fastcgi_index  index.php;
                    include        fastcgi_params;
                    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
                    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
            }