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SQLNET.EXPIRE_TIME参数—之防火墙短连接

DCD: Dead Connection Detection ,可以用于检测、标记僵死而没有断开会session,再由PMON进行清理,释放资源。
开启DCD,只需要在服务端的sqlnet.ora文件中添加SQLNET.EXPIRE_TIME参数,单位为分钟:

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SQLNET.EXPIRE_TIME = 10

如果时间达到这个值,server端就是发出一个”probe” packet 给客户端,如要客户断是正常的,这个packet就被忽略,timer重新计时;如果客户端异常中断,则server端就会收到一个消息,用以释放连接。

DCD还可以用于防止防火墙的timeout,例如:

某个系统RMAN备份,在结束时,报:

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RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-06004: ORACLE error from recovery catalog database: 
ORA-03135: connection lost contact
ORACLE error from recovery catalog database: 
ORA-03114: not connected to ORACLE

参考文章(ID 729811.1):

+ Is the rman catalog Database running on a different system than the Target Database?
If so, verify with the System Administrators what the TCP/IP timeout is set to.
If there is any firewall between two systems, set the value of SQLNET.EXPIRE_TIME 
to less than the TCP timeout value of the firewall. 
 
+ Increase the value of SQLNET.EXPIRE_TIME in the sqlnet.ora file on both 
target servers if no firewall exists between two systems.
 
+ Increase the value of keepalive interval.

以上这个RMAN报错例子就是由于防火墙设置timeout原因,当client和server在timeout时间内没有数据传输的时候,会话就会被防火墙断开。而设置SQLNET.EXPIRE_TIME参数,使其小于防火墙的timeout时间,就可以避免这一情况的发生。


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