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本篇内容主要讲解“citus中DDL操作规范有哪些”,感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷,实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“citus中DDL操作规范有哪些”吧!
创新互联主营互助网站建设的网络公司,主营网站建设方案,app软件开发,互助h5微信小程序定制开发搭建,互助网站营销推广欢迎互助等地区企业咨询citus是PG的一个插件,插件主要针对普通SQL(非UTILITY)加HOOK进行了一些ROUTE处理,同时使用UDF对表进行新建分区的操作。
如果用户如果要执行DDL,那么CITUS无法接管,应该如何操作呢?
分两种情况,一种需要在所有节点(CN以及WORKER)执行,还有一些只需要在CN节点执行。
由于这些DDL在CN节点执行时,不会自动在WORKER执行,所以需要在所有节点执行。
常用的DDL包括:
1、新建用户
Command: CREATE ROLE Description: define a new database role Syntax: CREATE ROLE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ] where option can be: SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER | CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB | CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE | INHERIT | NOINHERIT | LOGIN | NOLOGIN | REPLICATION | NOREPLICATION | BYPASSRLS | NOBYPASSRLS | CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit | [ ENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password' | VALID UNTIL 'timestamp' | IN ROLE role_name [, ...] | IN GROUP role_name [, ...] | ROLE role_name [, ...] | ADMIN role_name [, ...] | USER role_name [, ...] | SYSID uid
2、新建数据库
Command: CREATE DATABASE Description: create a new database Syntax: CREATE DATABASE name [ [ WITH ] [ OWNER [=] user_name ] [ TEMPLATE [=] template ] [ ENCODING [=] encoding ] [ LC_COLLATE [=] lc_collate ] [ LC_CTYPE [=] lc_ctype ] [ TABLESPACE [=] tablespace_name ] [ ALLOW_CONNECTIONS [=] allowconn ] [ CONNECTION LIMIT [=] connlimit ] [ IS_TEMPLATE [=] istemplate ] ]
所有节点新建数据库后一定不要忘记:
2.1、在所有节点新增的DB内添加citus插件
create extension citus;
2.2、仅在CN节点,连到新建数据库里面添加worker节点。(千万不要忘记,每新建一个DB,都需要重复做。所以可以把它做到模板库里面,新建DB时,使用模板新建。)
例如
su - postgres -c "psql -c \"SELECT * from master_add_node('xxx.xxx.xxx.224', 1921);\"" su - postgres -c "psql -c \"SELECT * from master_add_node('xxx.xxx.xxx.230', 1921);\"" su - postgres -c "psql -c \"SELECT * from master_add_node('xxx.xxx.xxx.231', 1921);\"" su - postgres -c "psql -c \"SELECT * from master_add_node('xxx.xxx.xxx.225', 1921);\"" su - postgres -c "psql -c \"SELECT * from master_add_node('xxx.xxx.xxx.227', 1921);\"" su - postgres -c "psql -c \"SELECT * from master_add_node('xxx.xxx.xxx.232', 1921);\"" su - postgres -c "psql -c \"SELECT * from master_add_node('xxx.xxx.xxx.226', 1921);\"" su - postgres -c "psql -c \"SELECT * from master_add_node('xxx.xxx.xxx.229', 1921);\"" postgres=# SELECT * FROM master_get_active_worker_nodes(); node_name | node_port ----------------+----------- xxx.xxx.xxx.227 | 1921 xxx.xxx.xxx.229 | 1921 xxx.xxx.xxx.231 | 1921 xxx.xxx.xxx.225 | 1921 xxx.xxx.xxx.224 | 1921 xxx.xxx.xxx.226 | 1921 xxx.xxx.xxx.230 | 1921 xxx.xxx.xxx.232 | 1921 (8 rows)
2.3、如果使用了MX功能,还需要添加一遍。
参考
《PostgreSQL sharding : citus 系列1 - 多机部署(含OLTP(TPC-B)测试)》
### CN MX : OLTP 读、写能力扩展
3、新建schema
Command: CREATE SCHEMA Description: define a new schema Syntax: CREATE SCHEMA schema_name [ AUTHORIZATION role_specification ] [ schema_element [ ... ] ] CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION role_specification [ schema_element [ ... ] ] CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS schema_name [ AUTHORIZATION role_specification ] CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS AUTHORIZATION role_specification where role_specification can be: user_name | CURRENT_USER | SESSION_USER
4、新建函数
自定义函数 Command: CREATE FUNCTION Description: define a new function Syntax: CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [ { DEFAULT | = } default_expr ] [, ...] ] ) [ RETURNS rettype | RETURNS TABLE ( column_name column_type [, ...] ) ] { LANGUAGE lang_name | TRANSFORM { FOR TYPE type_name } [, ... ] | WINDOW | IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE | [ NOT ] LEAKPROOF | CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER | PARALLEL { UNSAFE | RESTRICTED | SAFE } | COST execution_cost | ROWS result_rows | SET configuration_parameter { TO value | = value | FROM CURRENT } | AS 'definition' | AS 'obj_file', 'link_symbol' } ... [ WITH ( attribute [, ...] ) ]
5、新建操作符
自定义操作符
6、新建类型
自定义类型
7、新建插件
Command: CREATE EXTENSION Description: install an extension Syntax: CREATE EXTENSION [ IF NOT EXISTS ] extension_name [ WITH ] [ SCHEMA schema_name ] [ VERSION version ] [ FROM old_version ] [ CASCADE ]
以上为常用的DDL,需要在所有节点执行。
1、新建表,调用citus函数创建分片。
例子
create table test(id int primary key, info text); select create_distributed_table('test','id');
2、新建视图
Command: CREATE VIEW Description: define a new view Syntax: CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ] [ RECURSIVE ] VIEW name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ] [ WITH ( view_option_name [= view_option_value] [, ... ] ) ] AS query [ WITH [ CASCADED | LOCAL ] CHECK OPTION ]
视图仅需在CN节点操作,因为SQL最后会解析成视图里面的内容。例如
create view v2 as select * from pgbench_accounts where aid=1; create view v3 as select * from v2; postgres=# explain verbose select * from v2; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Custom Scan (Citus Router) (cost=0.00..0.00 rows=0 width=0) Output: remote_scan.aid, remote_scan.bid, remote_scan.abalance, remote_scan.filler Task Count: 1 Tasks Shown: All -> Task Node: host=172.24.211.232 port=1921 dbname=postgres -> Index Scan using pgbench_accounts_pkey_106819 on public.pgbench_accounts_106819 pgbench_accounts (cost=0.28..2.50 rows=1 width=97) Output: pgbench_accounts.aid, pgbench_accounts.bid, pgbench_accounts.abalance, pgbench_accounts.filler Index Cond: (pgbench_accounts.aid = 1) (9 rows) postgres=# explain verbose select * from v3; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Custom Scan (Citus Router) (cost=0.00..0.00 rows=0 width=0) Output: remote_scan.aid, remote_scan.bid, remote_scan.abalance, remote_scan.filler Task Count: 1 Tasks Shown: All -> Task Node: host=172.24.211.232 port=1921 dbname=postgres -> Index Scan using pgbench_accounts_pkey_106819 on public.pgbench_accounts_106819 pgbench_accounts (cost=0.28..2.50 rows=1 width=97) Output: pgbench_accounts.aid, pgbench_accounts.bid, pgbench_accounts.abalance, pgbench_accounts.filler Index Cond: (pgbench_accounts.aid = 1) (9 rows)
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